Fruit acid peeling, in short, means to take fruit acid to peel the skin. This is to use a high concentration of fruit acids to exfoliate the skin, to promote the shedding of the aging keratin layer, to accelerate the renewal rate of keratinocytes and a few upper epidermal cells, and to promote the proliferation of elastic fibers in the dermis, which is good for superficial acne scars and can also improve enlarged pores. Fruit acids are actually a general term for a variety of chemicals, as most of them can be found in natural fruits, hence the name fruit acids, including glycolic acid extracted from sugar cane, lactic acid extracted from yogurt, tartaric acid from wine, malic acid from apples, and citric acid from citrus fruits. The chemical structure of fruit acids all contain hydroxylic acid, hence the abbreviation AHA, which was discovered by American doctors more than a decade ago and can cause the epidermis to peel off, stimulate dermal metabolism, and grow tender skin. Doctors use AHA for acne, pimples, and other untreated conditions to restore healthy skin. Known fruit acids can be classified into three main groups: alpha-hydroxamic acid, beta-hydroxamic acid and alpha & beta-hydroxamic acid. Such classification is based on the position of hydroxy [OH] in the molecular structure formula of fruit acids. If the hydroxy is attached to the first carbon, it is called α – hydroxy acid; if the hydroxy is attached to the second carbon, it is called β – hydroxy acid; if both carbons have hydroxy, it is α & β – hydroxy acid. Later the English abbreviation, because of the inconvenience of the use of α, β, they will be replaced by the letter A and become A soft fruit acid [AHA 】 its most commonly used for glycolic acid and lactic acid; β into the letter B, and become B soft fruit acid [BHA], both salicylic acid; and α & β – hydroxylic acid both malic acid, citric acid . In addition, compound fruit acids such as liver spot peel [melasma peel] are mainly composed of lactic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid and other fruit acids plus kojic acid and hydroquinone…etc. Jessner’s solution is made into PH2.5 hydrolyzed alcohol, which increases the activity of each ingredient and does not require acid-base balance, and can be used in combination with glycolic acid and salicylic acid. It is particularly effective for people with darker skin type IV. There are more than a dozen types of fruit acid peels, but there is a lot to learn. The use of fruit acid peels in clinical practice has become quite common. The effect on the skin Fruit acids can promote the dermis collagen fiber proliferation and rearrangement, so that the matrix in the dermis increases, which will make the skin become smoother and more elastic, and can also improve the scars. Patients with acne, in addition to their own sebaceous secretion, usually have thicker stratum corneum and blocked pores, which hinders the excretion of sebum to grow acne. Simply put, when people are young the skin is more tender, this is because the skin’s metabolism is faster relationship, as age increases, the skin’s metabolism decreases, the aging keratin layer can not be shed in time, resulting in the accumulation of keratin, the skin becomes rough, and wrinkles. Fruit acids can exfoliate some of the aging keratin layer, so that the skin’s metabolism increases, and the skin becomes finer, and also remove some of the dark spots and acne pigmentation together. Low concentration of fruit acids is used for maintenance, while high concentration of fruit acids can be used for peeling, but there is a chance that the skin will not adapt and side effects will occur, so it should be used by a doctor to be safe. The effect of fruit acids on the skin can be divided into three aspects: epidermal effect, pigment effect and dermal effect. In terms of epidermal and pigmentation effects, fruit acids can avoid abnormal keratin accumulation, promote the activation and renewal of epidermal cells, reduce melanin production, and fruit acid molecules have good moisturizing ability, so it is a pretty good treatment for acne. Fruit acid peels not only accelerate the relief of acne inflammatory lesions, but are also helpful in removing acne and fading acne spots and scars. In terms of dermal effects, fruit acids promote collagen production and are also helpful in the renewal of elastic fibers and the formation of basal material. In addition, it has the ability of antioxidant, so it is effective in preventing skin aging and reducing fine wrinkles, but in experience, it is still the most effective treatment for oily acne skin. The effect of fruit acids on the skin varies slightly depending on the concentration. Low concentrations of fruit acids can reduce the polymerization of skin keratin and lower the thickness of the stratum corneum, which can promote skin metabolism, and the fruit acids contained in skin care products are generally in the low concentration range (less than 15%), which is safer to use and can be purchased by consumers of their choice. Generally, fruit acid manufacturers will also make different products for different skin types, and when using low concentration of fruit acids, there are still people whose skin does not adapt, so it is still recommended to consult a specialist before using, the effect will be better. High concentrations of fruit acids (20% or more) have a greater role in destroying the intercellular connections in the stratum corneum, causing epidermal peeling, and can be used for chemical peels (or chemical peels) to remove small wrinkles and shallow pigment spots on the face. High concentrations of fruit acids are prone to side effects and should always be used by a doctor. Its indications are as follows: (1) acne and pimples; (2) superficial acne scars; (3) dark spots and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation; (4) fine wrinkles at the corners of the eyes and mouth; (5) fine wrinkles and aging skin on the neck, chest and arms. Generally, as long as there is no viral infection such as herpes or warts on the affected area, no wounds, no recent surgery or acute eczema, all people can receive the treatment of fruit acid peeling. After washing the affected area with a special cleanser, the doctor applies a high concentration of glycolic acid (20% to 70%) to the forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin in a sequence, and after a few minutes, sprays a neutralizing solution to terminate the effect of glycolic acid. During the treatment process, the patient will feel some stinging pain, and slight redness and pain for two days after the treatment. Even if the skin does not peel off after treatment, it is still effective. Generally speaking, it takes about eight to ten peels to achieve the best results. The concentration and duration of the peel will gradually increase with each peel at intervals of two to four weeks. Side effects Because it is a superficial peel, side effects such as scarring, infection, erythema and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are rare. Preliminary work: Skin test before peeling Fruit acids are a collective name for a series of naturally occurring organic acids. These organic acids are weakly acidic and come from sugar cane (glycolic acid), citrus fruits (citrus acid), milk (lactic acid), lemons (citric acid), etc. “Fruit acids promote the metabolism of the stratum corneum and also encourage the extraordinary shedding of the skin’s epidermis, resulting in the growth of new skin.” In the United States, the concentration of fruit acid skin care products sold in general beauty supply stores is only 3% to 10%, domestic sales of home fruit acid peeling products, the general concentration is also between 3% and 4.5%. These products are basically just a dilution of medical fruit acids, as long as you do a good skin test before use, after the use of moisture, sun protection, or safe. But when using more than 10% of the high concentration of fruit acid products, it is necessary to dermatologists to operate. Restrictions Dr. Bailey, an expert with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, says that peels are generally safe, but there are some side effects. They have received some reports of side effects where users have experienced itching and redness of the skin during the peel, but this usually goes away within a day or two of treatment. However, when using home fruit acid peels, you should also talk to your doctor and remember, “Never sunbathe for 2 to 4 weeks after the peel.” Caution After receiving a peel, it will take about a few days to a week for the skin to fully recover. During this period, special attention should be paid to the peel care. 1. If there is any swelling of the skin after the peel, please apply ice packs within 24 to 48 hours after the peel. 2. You can gently use cleaning products to wash your face, but do not use sponge or towel to wipe hard, you should gently pat dry to avoid stimulating the skin. And you can resume the use of your original fruit acid maintenance cream, fruit acid lotion or fruit acid gel, once a night; 4, before the skin returns to normal, absolutely avoid sun exposure, in order to avoid pigmentation can not use sunscreen lotion, and can not wear a hat. In order to avoid the formation of indentation. Sunscreen lotion should be applied when you go out after recovery to normal. Sun protection is the most important point of care after fruit acid peeling; 5. Slight irritation, itching, burning sensation, slight pain, tightness on the face, peeling or slight scarring. These symptoms will slowly disappear over time (within about a week) until they return to normal. Since everyone’s situation is different, the care after performing fruit acid peeling is also different, but it is important to follow the doctor’s advice and do it carefully and effectively so as to ensure the final result.