Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease characterized by localized degeneration of joint cartilage, exposure of subchondral bone, joint edge spur formation and joint deformity and dense subchondral bone, also known as osteoarthrosis, degenerative osteoarthrosis, proliferative arthritis, and age-related arthritis. It is more common in people over 50 years of age and is more common in women than men. The etiology is not clear, but it is thought to be mainly related to aging, obesity, excessive joint activity (e.g., frequent vigorous joint activity), joint trauma, genetics, intraosseous hypertension, osteoporosis, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. The pathological changes occur first in the cartilage, causing changes in the cartilage composition, resulting in a decrease or even loss of cartilage elasticity, a change in the load-bearing cartilage surface from a normal smooth state to a broken cotton wool state, exposure of the subchondral bone, and a smooth, ivory-like bone surface due to constant friction, while the non-load-bearing cartilage surface appears to be repaired, new bone is formed, and bone spurs are formed at the joint margins. In addition the entire course of the disease involves the ligaments, joint capsule, synovial membrane and periarticular muscles, ultimately leading to joint pain and loss of function. The disease can occur in all joints of the body, but it is more common in the knee, hip and ankle joints, which are heavily weight-bearing, as well as in the small joints of the spine and finger joints. Knee and hip joint lesions are especially common. Osteoarthrosis of the knee joint is a common benign lesion that occurs in older women. Especially in postmenopausal women, the decline in hormone levels and the onset of osteoporosis cause accelerated cartilage degeneration, while previous cartilage damage and wear and tear expose the subchondral bone, resulting in pain. The knee joint is divided into three compartments, the patellofemoral joint, the medial tibiofemoral joint, and the lateral tibiofemoral joint. Osteoarthrosis first occurs in the patellofemoral joint, where the patellofemoral cartilage wears away, exposing the subchondral bone, sclerosis, and peripheral osteophytes, followed by further degeneration of the femoral talocrural cartilage, followed by degeneration of the medial or lateral tibiofemoral compartment. Therefore, in the early stages of osteoarthrosis, the first thing that occurs is pain in the knee joint when walking up and down stairs or squatting. This is followed by pain in the joint when walking on a flat surface. Treatment: For osteoarthrosis of the knee, the treatment should be done in steps according to the condition. In the first stage, for the occasional knee symptoms, the first treatment needed is conservative treatment, you can pay attention to rest, apply heat around the joint, physical therapy, keep warm, reduce the activity for a period of time, the pain and other symptoms will improve. In the second stage, for patients whose first conservative treatment is ineffective, you can add non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Fotarine and Fenbid, etc., and topical anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving ointments or creams, and you can also combine some Chinese herbal medicines to dredge the meridians and channels; in addition, you can take glucosamine capsules for cartilage nutrition. Sodium hyaluronate or sodium glassate can not only nourish the cartilage but also lubricate the joints, improve the function of the joints and improve the symptoms. In the fourth stage, patients whose quality of life is severely affected by the failure of any of the above conservative treatments and whose joint imaging reveals significant joint wear and deformity may opt for joint replacement surgery, which is usually a surface joint replacement in which a thin layer of bone is removed from the severely worn surface of the joint and replaced by a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy piece with a polyethylene spacer in the middle. Joint surface replacement surgery has been used in clinical practice since the 1960s. Now, after half a century of development, this technique has been perfected and gradually spread all over the world, and has been in our hospital for almost 10 years. In addition to the treatment of osteoarthritis, we can also use joint replacement surgery to treat: traumatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases, correcting the deformity while removing the pain factor and improving the patient’s quality of life.