1.Significant weight loss may be caused by reduced food intake due to comorbidities such as nausea, loss of appetite, chewing and swallowing difficulties, but sometimes the cause is not clear. The adverse consequences of obvious weight loss are weakness, decreased resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases. 2. Countermeasures: (1) Deal with the various factors that may cause weight loss. (2) Increase the amount of food appropriately and eat less and more meals. The increased food should be mainly cereals and potatoes, and vegetable oil can also be added appropriately in cooking. (3) Make a gradual increase in weight, with a monthly increase of 0.5 to 1 kg of body weight as the goal. 3, loss of appetite Mental depression or drug factors may cause loss of appetite. 4, countermeasures: (1) on the basis of the above dietary principles try to choose personal favorite food and dishes. (2) Eat in a relaxed environment and atmosphere. Soft music can help to promote appetite. (3) Do not force yourself to eat a lot of food at one meal. (4) You can arrange 3 main meals and 2-3 extra meals every day. The quantity of main meals should not be large, and the extra meals should be carbohydrate-based snacks, such as pastries, cookies, cookies, and food placed in easy-to-reach locations. 5, the increase in the amount of food should be gradual, not too hasty. Chewing and swallowing difficulty Chewing and swallowing difficulty symptoms usually appear in patients in the middle and late stages. 6.Countermeasures: (1) Use the method of chopping and cooking food, or use a blender to make food into a homogeneous paste. (2) Use infant nutritional rice flour and other nutritional supplement products. (3) Increase the number of meals. (4) The following methods can be used to train chewing and swallowing function: ① swallow more saliva, remember to swallow saliva before speaking ② each mouthful of food should be small, chew slowly, swallow each mouthful of food twice ③ when drinking water, each mouthful of water should be small, drink slowly. To prevent water inhalation into the trachea, do not tilt your head when drinking ④ Do not suck water too quickly when drinking through a straw, and the amount of water per sip should be small. Do not put too long straws in the mouth ⑤ do not talk when there is food in the mouth 7, constipation Water and dietary fiber have an equally important role in the control of constipation. Dietary fiber can increase the amount of stool, water can soften stool, the two together to promote intestinal excretion of feces. If you simply increase the intake of dietary fiber and ignore the supplement of water, the stool will become more dry and difficult to discharge. 8, countermeasures: (1) work and rest regularly. Every day for a moderate amount of exercise, eliminate mental stress factors. (2) drink more fluids, such as water, soup, juice, etc. (3) eat more coarse grains (such as whole wheat bread, oatmeal) and potatoes (potatoes, sweet potatoes). (4) Eat more vegetables and fruits, especially fruits that contain more water. (5) Do not abuse laxatives.