What are the symptoms of breast cancer?

  The need to be alert for the following symptoms: painless lumps: hard, movable lumps the size of a fava bean, which are common early clinical signs; breast skin changes: “dimple sign” and “orange peel sign”; nipple discharge: non-pregnant nipples secreting yellowish, brown or bloody fluid. Nipple changes: nipple depression or elevation, or deviation to one side. Lymph node enlargement: ipsilateral axillary lymph node enlargement is the most common.  In short, there are three major signs that reveal the original appearance of breast cancer: 1. Dimple sign: as the name suggests, it is like the dimple that appears on the cheek when a person smiles. It is caused by the invasion of Cooper’s ligament in the breast by cancerous tissues. This sign can occur even at a very early stage of the disease. Generally speaking, if the “dimple sign” is present in the absence of inflammation, breast trauma, or surgical history, the possibility of cancer is quite high. How to examine: The patient lies flat on his back, put the four fingers together on one side of the lump, then push the lump to the other side and observe the lump and the surrounding epidermis. That can be found whether there is a “dimple”.  2.Orange peel phenomenon: If the epidermis of breast appears to be changed like orange peel, you should be highly alert to breast cancer. This is because the cancerous tissues will invade the subcutaneous lymphatic network and cause the skin lymphatic flow obstruction, thus forming many enlarged dotted holes in the skin follicles, which looks like an “orange peel”. It is often a sign of advanced breast cancer. However, during the acute inflammation of the breast, the orange peel phenomenon may also appear, which must be distinguished.  Nipple retraction: The nipple is supported by smooth muscle and breast ducts, which makes it look upright. However, if the supporting tissues are poorly developed, nipple retraction will occur. If cancerous tissues invade the supporting tissues underneath, contracture of the supporting tissues will occur and pull back the nipple. Therefore, if you find that the nipple is slowly retracting and cannot return to its original position, especially if there is a lump underneath it, you should be highly alert to breast cancer.