Diabetic cataracts most often occur in young diabetic patients under 30 years of age with severe disease. It often develops in both eyes and progresses rapidly, and the lens may be completely clouded within days, weeks, or months. It begins with numerous scattered, though black or blue, snowflake-like or punctate turbidities in the cortical area under the anterior and posterior capsules. It may be accompanied by refractive changes. When blood glucose rises, inorganic salt content in the blood decreases, osmotic pressure decreases, and atrial fluid leaks into the lens, making it more convex and becoming myopic. When blood sugar decreases, water leaks out of the lens and the lens becomes flat and farsighted.
1. Before surgery, we should have an understanding of the general condition, especially blood sugar, through a whole-body examination. Blood sugar should be as close to normal as possible.
2. A detailed examination of the eye should be done before surgery. If the fundus can still be seen, fundus examination and fundus fluorescence angiography should be done first to understand the fundus situation, and if necessary, fundus laser treatment should be done first. If the fundus is not visible and the ultrasound does not report obvious fundus abnormalities, cataract surgery can be performed first and then fundus examination can be performed.
3. Pay attention to the monitoring and treatment of intraocular inflammatory reaction after surgery, and follow up regularly.