In the 1970s, Dr. Machemer in the United States started to apply vitrectomy for vitreoretinal diseases, and the field of vitreoretinal surgery has made rapid progress in recent years. Previously, the standard vitrectomy instrument tube diameter was 0.89 mm (20 G), and many complications such as bleeding from the surgical incision, tissue proliferation near the incision and traction on the vitreous base were associated with the scleral incision. Therefore, ophthalmologists are striving to make vitreous surgery progressively more minimally invasive. Minimally invasive vitrectomy is a vitrectomy that is performed through the application of delicate and complex surgical instruments that allow the surgical incision to be significantly reduced to a suture-free size, known as “microtrauma”. Instead of making a large incision in the eye, a special trocar needle is used to puncture the bulbar conjunctiva and sclera directly into the vitreous cavity. Because of the small diameter of both the trocar and the surgical instruments, only 3 small eyelets are required to pass through the wall of the eye, so the incision can be closed by itself after trocar removal without the need for sutures and with minimal trauma. The advantages of 23G are: direct transconjunctival puncture, no suture required for the incision; rapid establishment and closure of the incision, saving surgical time; fast postoperative recovery, mild inflammatory response, and high patient comfort; higher instrument stiffness, larger diameter, increased flow rate, brighter illumination, and easier intraocular manipulation, resulting in a wider range of indications. It can treat vitreoretinal diseases including macular folds, macular fissures, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, foraminal retinal detachment, central retinal vein embolism, vitreous blood accumulation, etc.