1.What kind of examination should be done before cataract surgery?
Cataract surgery is a relatively advanced surgery in ophthalmology, so in order to ensure the effect of surgery, adequate preoperative examination is needed. Before cataract surgery, a general examination and a local examination of the eye should be performed.
Systemic examination includes electrocardiogram, blood pressure, liver function, blood sugar, blood routine, etc. Those with serious heart disease can operate under cardiac monitor during surgery. Patients with combined glaucoma need to do photopositioning examination, and some patients need to do special examination such as visual field, ocular electrophysiology and corneal endothelial count.
Local antimicrobial drops should be used for 3~5 days before cataract surgery. Patients with red eyes with discharge, keratitis and uveitis should not undergo surgery temporarily.
2. Can heart patients with abnormal ECG have cataract surgery?
Elderly cataract patients are older and have different degrees of decline in their internal organs, and poor heart function is also common in clinical practice. Whether elderly patients with heart disease can undergo cataract surgery depends on the severity of heart disease and the condition of heart function. Cataract surgery is a common microsurgery in ophthalmology, which is performed under local anesthesia, and the operation time is relatively short, so it does not affect the function of the whole body. If necessary, a cardiologist should be requested to monitor the patient’s cardiac function so that the operation can be completed safely and smoothly.
(2) Do the ideological work before the operation to make the patient eliminate the tension. Give appropriate amount of sedatives such as Valium and Luminal the night before surgery and on the day of surgery.
(3) Adequate anesthesia should be given during surgery to reduce pain. When compressing the eyeball to lower the intraocular pressure, or when making eye fixation to pull the eye muscle, the action should be gentle to avoid the heart glance reflex to slow down or stop the heart rate. The surgical method should be simple and effective, and the operation time should be shortened as much as possible.
(4) Don’t lie down for a long time after surgery, but adopt a semi-recumbent position, move out of bed appropriately, eat more fruits and vegetables, and keep the bowel movement smooth.
3.What should patients do before cataract surgery?
Preparation before cataract surgery is very important. In addition to a series of eye and body checkups with the doctor, it is also necessary to make physical and mental adjustments. Cataract surgery is a sight restoration surgery and most of the results are very good, but due to the individual differences between people, there is a possibility of some complications, so as a patient’s family, they should fully understand the intraoperative and postoperative complications and possible abnormalities and cooperate with the doctor.
Before surgery, patients should also pay attention to rest, adjust their diet, quit smoking and alcohol, and adjust their blood pressure, blood sugar, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular indexes to the best condition under the guidance of internal medicine doctors if they have systemic diseases.
Pre-operative antimicrobial eye drops are routinely ordered. Except for pediatric general anesthesia, which requires a ban on eating and drinking anything for 8 hours before surgery, cataract surgery patients can eat and drink normally before surgery, but do not overeat.
For patients who are particularly nervous and have poor cardiopulmonary function, simulate the paving sheet during surgery to avoid excessive tension during surgery.
4. Precautions during cataract surgery (how to cooperate with the surgeon) (1) Do not cough during surgery, relax your whole body and do not hold your breath, because coughing and holding your breath will cause abdominal pressure and increase intraocular pressure which is not conducive to surgery.
(2) Please do not move your head during surgery and do not talk unless necessary.
(3) Local anesthesia will be used for the surgery, and general anesthesia will be used in special cases.
(4) Please go to the toilet before surgery to prevent holding urine during surgery.