The indications for hemofiltration are as follows: 1, heart failure due to hypervolemia, acute pulmonary edema; 2, high renin-type refractory hypertension; 3, severe water-electrolyte disorders, acid-base imbalance, etc.; 4, drug or toxic poisoning; 5, uremic pericarditis, pruritus, peripheral neuropathy, and other symptoms caused by intermediate molecular toxins; 6, acute and chronic renal failure with hypotension, multiple organ failure, and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism; 7, infective shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure, etc.; and 8, hepatic syndromes of coma patients.