Congenital large pupils may be caused by iris absence, iris defects, and cranial nerve abnormalities, etc. The specific causes need to be determined by complete slit lamp microscopy and other examinations.
The pupil is surrounded by a ring-shaped iris, the size of which can be regulated by the strength of ambient light entering the eye and the distance of things seen. For cases where the pupil is large or even unregulated, it may be due to hereditary congenital structural deficiencies, such as congenital absence of an iris, iris defects, etc. Tinted eyeglasses or corneal contact lenses may be given to alleviate the reaction of photophobia, if necessary.
In addition, it is important to be on the lookout for genetic disorders of the cranial nerves or congenital glaucoma, in which the pupils are dilated and react poorly to light due to damage to the light-sensitive and pupil-dominating systems.
It is recommended to consult a doctor in time for congenital pupil enlargement or iris defects, and to improve auxiliary examinations such as slit lamp microscopy and neurophysiology, so as to clarify the cause of the problem and then take appropriate treatment.