The advantages of thyroid nodule ablation are small trauma and low risk; the disadvantages are that it is not applicable to most malignant nodules, and the disappearance of nodules after ablation may be incomplete, which may easily lead to recurrence of metastasis of cancerous foci. The advantages of ablation in treating thyroid nodules are that it can significantly reduce the size of nodules and eliminate compression symptoms with little interference to thyroid function, and it is less traumatic than surgery, does not require general anesthesia, and is less risky, so it can be used for those who are in poor general condition and cannot tolerate surgery and those who are unwilling to bear the risk of surgery. The disadvantage of ablation is that it is only indicated for confirmed benign thyroid nodules and microscopic papillary carcinomas. Ablation is not currently used for follicular adenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma because of the risk of incomplete ablation and residual tumor cells. It is recommended that those who are considering ablation for thyroid nodules fully understand the pros and cons of ablation and choose the appropriate treatment according to their condition and individual needs.