Neonatal lung inflammation is the most common infectious disease in the neonatal period and an important cause of neonatal death. Neonatal lung inflammation is mostly caused by viral or bacterial infections; it can be manifested as choking, shortness of breath, groaning, cyanosis, dyspnea, unstable body temperature, poor response, etc.; some children are comatose, shortness of breath, fluttering of the nostrils, triple concavity, and the continued development of the disease can be life-threatening. Pneumonia is caused by pathogens, either during labor or after birth. If newborns with pneumonia are actively treated, most children have a good prognosis; if the treatment is not timely, the condition develops rapidly, the prognosis is poor, and severe or untimely treatment can lead to complications such as abscesses and pyothorax. Newborns with inflammation of the lungs should be actively consulted to avoid adverse outcomes.