It is well known that hypertension is genetically related. Data from many sources show that children of parents with high blood pressure are also prone to hypertension; families with a high incidence of stroke have a higher likelihood of having family members with the disease. Generally speaking, more than half of the cases are related to genetic factors, and less than half of the cases are caused by environmental factors.
Inheritance of hypertension
Some thirty years ago, Professor Okamoto of Kyoto University began mating experiments with hypertensive white rats and successfully bred fully genetic hypertensive white rats and cerebral stroke white rats in 1969 and 1974, respectively. This example demonstrated the relationship between hypertension and stroke and genetic factors. In these 100% hereditary diseased white rats, it was possible to find out more scientifically the cause of the promotion and prevention of the disease.
This test also officially unveiled the fact that hypertension is genetic.
Scientists have successfully bred a mouse with “hereditary spontaneous hypertension”. These rats pass on the gene for hypertension from generation to generation, and 100% of their offspring will develop hypertension, which is the most typical example of a strong genetic link between hypertension and genetics.
Most scholars believe that hypertension is a polygenic genetic disease. A family survey of hypertensive patients found that children of parents with hypertension have a 45% chance of developing hypertension in the future; children of one parent with hypertension have a 28% chance of developing hypertension; and children of two parents with normal blood pressure have only a 3% chance of developing hypertension.
Studies have confirmed that insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are both polygenic genetic diseases. The high prevalence of hypertension in the diabetic population suggests that hypertension may have some common genetic basis with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. The fact that hypertensive patients often have a positive family history also suggests a genetic background for its development. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic defects that may be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes combined with hypertension.
Prevention and treatment principles
1, insist on monitoring blood pressure, at least once a year under normal conditions.
2.Salt restriction and potassium supplementation. Gradually control the daily salt intake to 5 grams, and at the same time eat more fruits and vegetables rich in potassium (such as bananas, walnuts, lotus seeds, coriander, amaranth, spinach, etc.).
3.Prevent overweight and obesity.
4.Quit smoking and limit alcohol.
Genetic factors
Genetic factors for the development of primary hypertension, i.e., family relationships, have been confirmed by years of medical practice. The family tendency of hypertensive patients has been established early in life, both parents suffer from hypertension, the incidence of their children reached 46%; one parent suffers from hypertension, the incidence of children reached 28%; parents with normal blood pressure, the incidence of children only reached 3%. Experimental animal studies have successfully established a rat model of hereditary hypertension, and hypertension occurs in almost 100% of children after several generations of breeding. With the completion of the Human Genome Project, genetic research has entered the post-genomic era. A genetic study of hypertension focusing on locating, identifying and cloning susceptibility genes for essential hypertension is rapidly developing. This research aims to fundamentally elucidate the genetic nature of essential hypertension, and if successful will have a revolutionary impact on clinical staging, prognosis, individualized treatment, and early detection and prevention of susceptible patients with essential hypertension.
More than a dozen single gene pathogenic genes for secondary hypertension have been successfully cloned or localized. Among the diseases in which pathogenic gene mutations have been detected are Liddle’s syndrome and Gordon’s syndrome. The causative genes in these diseases are mainly involved in genes related to adrenocortical hormone metabolism, ion transport, and catecholamine metabolism. The study of monogenic secondary hypertension causative genes has facilitated the functional study between causative gene mutations and the mechanism of hypertension development, providing important clues and a good start for the study of genes related to primary hypertension. In primary hypertension susceptibility genes, the number of hypertension susceptibility genes has increased to tens of species. Based on the existing physiological and pathophysiological knowledge, the susceptibility genes involved in blood pressure regulation mechanism are: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, endothelin, natriuretic peptide, and lipid metabolism, apolipoprotein, ion channel or transporter, such as angiotensin (AGT) gene, angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) gene, angiotensin II-Ⅰ receptor (ATⅠ) gene, endothelin 2 (ET-2) gene, endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene, and cardiac natriuretic family genes (ANP and NPRC).
Environmental factors
Hypertension may be the result of the interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Environmental factors play an early role, as fetal malnutrition leads to low birth weight, and such low birth weight infants have an increased chance of developing hypertension later in life, and even increased postnatal feeding does not change their blood pressure levels at age 8 years, suggesting that persistent markers of disease have developed. Overweight, high dietary salt and moderate or higher alcohol consumption are internationally established risk factors that are strongly associated with the development of hypertension.
The mean body mass index (BMI) of the national population is 21-24.5 and 21-25 for middle-aged men and women, respectively, and the mean BMI and overweight rate of the national population have tended to increase in recent l0 years. bMI is significantly and positively correlated with blood pressure, and prospective studies have shown that for every 1 increase in baseline BMI, the risk of hypertension increases by 9% over 5 years. About 30%-66% of our population drinks alcohol at least once a week for men and about 2%-7% for women. There was a linear positive correlation between daily alcohol consumption and blood pressure. The risk of hypertension increased by 40% over 4 years in men who continued to drink alcohol compared to those who did not.
Dietary sodium intake is closely related to blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension in the population. Only 0.5g of sodium chloride is required daily to meet the physiological balance of the body. The daily salt intake of Chinese people is about 12~18g in the north and 7~8g in the south, which is higher than that of western countries. The average daily salt intake per person increased by 2g, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased by 2.0mmHg and 1.2mmHg respectively. Our diet is generally low in calcium, below the standard supply of 800 mg/d, with the lowest population only 300 mg/d.
Home treatment measures
Home treatment methods are applicable to patients with all levels of hypertension. Grade 1 hypertension is the primary treatment if there is no diabetes or target organ damage. The home treatment approach can reduce blood pressure to a certain extent by intervening in different parts of the pathogenesis of hypertension and is beneficial in reducing cardiovascular complications. For patients with hypertension, antihypertensive medication is never out of hand, but the sphygmomanometer should also be kept in hand. Especially for patients with unstable blood pressure, it is recommended to measure blood pressure 2 to 3 times a day to observe the changes in their blood pressure in the morning, midday and evening to avoid cardiovascular accidents caused by sudden increases in blood pressure. There are many measures that can be used to regulate blood pressure in life, such as diet and emotions, which have a great impact on the condition of hypertension.
The reasons for this are.
1, the human wrist is rich in blood vessels (pulse) and nerves, there are two important acupuncture points: the inner and outer guan. The hand three yin meridians, hand three yang meridians and foot three yin meridians, foot three yang meridians a total of twelve meridians, respectively, from the wrist and ankle through the wrist. Because these meridian points, blood vessels and nerves in the wrist and ankle are the most superficial and close to the body surface, the magnetic field energy can play an effective role and the clinical treatment effect is good.
2, magnetic field therapy and acupuncture treatment is the same acupuncture point therapy, generally not only for a point, but rely on multiple points at the same time to apply treatment. As with the combination of Chinese medicine, synergistic effect, in order to achieve overall regulation, promote the body balance purposes, these are its advantages and unique features.
3, it is worn on the wrist to treat hypertension, its characteristics are the use of magnetic energy, continuous stimulation of the wrist (ankle), regulation of the central nervous and vegetative nerves, so that peripheral capillary dilation, peripheral vascular resistance is reduced, capillary spasm is lifted, so that hypertension is effectively controlled.
According to Chinese medicine, hypertension belongs to the category of “vertigo”, mostly caused by mental stimulation, poor diet, internal injury and deficiency, resulting in the deficiency of liver and kidney yin, hyperactivity of liver and yang, and the imbalance of yin and yang in the human body, which eventually leads to an increase in blood pressure. The magnetic field applied to the wrist can regulate the Hand Convulsive Yin Pericardium Meridian and the Hand Shaoyang San Jiao Meridian, and communicate with the Yin Wei and Yang Wei Vessels to promote blood circulation, regulate Qi and blood, balance Yin and Yang, and restore and improve the symptoms of high blood pressure.
Genetic modality
Experts from the Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences believe that the breast milk of female patients with hypertension is a medium that may be passed on to offspring.
When rats with hereditary hypertension gave birth to pups, the researchers had some of the pups nursed by their mothers and others nursed by other healthy mothers. When the two groups of pups reached adulthood, the researchers found that the rats nursed by the healthy mothers had much lower blood pressure than the other group of rats, even very close to normal values.
The researchers noted that statistically, if both parents are hypertensive, their children have a 45% chance of developing hypertension. The results of these experiments suggest that the breast milk of women with hypertension is a medium that may be passed on to their offspring. Modifying the diet of their offspring during infancy is expected to reduce their chances of developing hypertension.
Hypertension has a genetic component, but it is not a major factor, with genetics accounting for only 15%, environment and emotions for 17%, and lifestyle and habits for 68%.
Preventive measures
Hypertension heredity can be both prevented and cured, but modern medicine of course cannot cure it, because they only work on dilating blood vessels and lowering blood pressure, and these antihypertensive drugs are using the side effects of chemical toxins to achieve the purpose of dilating blood vessels, picking up the sesame seeds and losing the watermelon.