If the thyroid gland is obviously enlarged and there is nodule formation, if there is obvious feeling of pressure and gas, and if the patient has discomfort after eating, surgical treatment should be chosen. Traditional open surgery can be chosen to partially resect the gland, or minimally invasive surgery can be performed under the mastoidoscopy, which is relatively less traumatic. In addition, care should be taken to avoid paraneoplastic injury during surgery, because the special anatomical part of the thyroid gland has a very rich blood supply and is adjacent to important nerves and blood vessels, so care must be taken to carefully isolate the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery, and partially resect the gland after exposing the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Alternatively, interventional therapy, i.e., radiofrequency ablation, can gradually shrink the nodules to achieve the therapeutic goal with minimal trauma. If malignant nodules are suspected, open surgery with freezing and, if necessary, cervical lymph node dissection should be performed, and regular monitoring of thyroid function should be performed after surgery.