With the characteristics of “high incidence, high recurrence, high mortality, high disability and many complications”, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are gradually becoming one of the diseases that seriously threaten human health. Worldwide, 16 million people die from cardiovascular diseases every year, accounting for more than 50% of the total mortality. According to statistics, the total number of people who die from cardiovascular diseases in China is 2.6 million every year, and 300 people are killed by cardiovascular diseases every hour. With the arrival of winter, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have entered the peak of the onset, patients with such diseases should pay more attention to strengthen self-care and prevention. Winter temperature gradually decreases, the human metabolism is slow, the body of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients stimulated by cold air, sudden vasoconstriction, easy to lead to vascular blockage, blood flow supply interruption, blood flow obstruction, so that the toxic substances in the blood vessels is not easy to discharge, thus triggering the attack and recurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is the “eventful time” for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients. This is the time to actively prevent. In particular, November to March of each year is the peak month of the year for sudden cardiovascular and cerebrovascular deaths. Because of the sudden cold, the blood pressure will suddenly rise, so that the original hardened and fragile small arteries can not withstand the strong internal pressure and be “detonated”, cerebral hemorrhage; because of the cold, so that the blood is too thick to self-regulate, the blood will be in the rough, small arteries in the slow flow, easy to form small thrombus, resulting in cerebrovascular blockage or myocardial infarction. In winter, due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, the human heart load is increased, caused by cerebral ischemia. People feel chest pain, breathlessness or dizziness, numbness, etc., are a series of “emergency response” of the human body to weather changes, is very normal. For those who are less tolerant to environmental temperature changes or have cardiovascular diseases, this reaction is likely to cause symptoms of hypoxia and ischemia in the heart, brain and other important organs, which can trigger the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases and even lead to death. The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly is related to their physiological characteristics. If the cold air hits the elderly, the whole body will be vasoconstricted, the resistance to blood flow will increase, and the burden on the heart will increase, which will easily lead to coronary artery spasm and induce myocardial infarction. The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in winter also has a great relationship with the psychological condition of people. Due to changes in climate and temperature, many people are prone to depression in winter. Poor mood, excessive psychological stress and living environment, living and eating habits and overwork can lead to the onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. How to prevent cardiovascular diseases in winter: 1, control the “three highs”. Hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia patients should try to maintain their original habits, do not stay up late or overworked, adhere to the regular medication, regular outpatient checkups. Patients with hypertension should not casually change their medication or change their dosage based on the results of one or two self-testing blood pressure. 2, pay attention to keep warm. Cold stimulation is an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular patients should not go to the morning exercise when it is cold, because the stimulation of cold air can induce angina attack, it is best to go out to exercise after 10 am. Do not choose to run, jump rope, play ball and other intense sports in exercise. 3, moderate exercise. Exercise can improve the body’s antioxidant capacity and immune function, help prevent atherosclerosis, promote blood circulation and improve cerebral blood supply. Do not stop exercising because of the cold weather. Older people should pay attention to exercise to keep warm, to do a combination of work and rest, to spread cloth, playing Tai Chi and other items is appropriate. 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. is the prime time for outdoor exercise in autumn and winter. 4, control the mouth, often weigh. People have the habit of consuming high-calorie food in the fall and winter. At this time, to “smart” eating, such as avoid eating high cholesterol content of pork liver, pork heart, crab yolk, eggs and other foods. Eat more potatoes and bananas containing potassium, which can stabilize your mood and protect your cerebral blood vessels. Beans, corn, apples, tomatoes, kelp and a variety of green vegetables are rich in magnesium, can significantly reduce the harm of stroke. Every two or three days also weighing, such as the discovery of weight gain, to consciously control a little. 5, avoid emotional excitement. Sudden emotional excitement, for patients with pathological changes in the cerebral blood vessels, it is easy to rupture the cerebral vessels and stroke. Do not be angry, open-minded, avoid excessive excitement and sadness is important to prevent the occurrence of stroke. 6, people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should avoid catching a cold, and go to places where there are many people to reduce the probability of being infected. Finally, the elderly with chronic diseases should carry emergency drugs with them when they go out, and when symptoms such as breathing difficulties and numbness of the limbs occur, they should go to the hospital or call 120 in time to avoid missing the best treatment time.