If the dilatation of the central canal of the spinal cord is not particularly severe, it can be observed dynamically and reviewed regularly; if the dilatation of the central canal of the spinal cord is particularly severe and forms spinal cavernous disease, surgery should be actively considered. Spinal cavernous disease is a chronic progressive degenerative disease of the spinal cord, mainly located in the cervical and thoracic segments of the spinal cord. The cause of this disease is mainly due to congenital developmental abnormalities, mechanical factors and ischemia and necrosis of the spinal cord. The best treatment is surgery, which consists of suboccipital decompression, decompression of the upper cervical segment, and dural expansion repair. Medications can also be considered, but they are only symptomatic and include pain relievers, B vitamins, and adenosine triphosphate.