The morphology of a urolith depends on the circumstances and conditions under which the stone was formed. In a sense, the physician can determine the cause of stone formation and choose the appropriate treatment based on the morphology of the stone. There are two ways to observe the morphology of uroliths: one is to observe the stone on urography before treatment, mainly observing the size, shape and translucency of the stone, and analyzing its internal structure and composition accordingly; the other is to observe the stone specimen after treatment, mainly observing the structure of its surface and profile. According to the morphology of the stone on the urography, a preliminary estimation can be made as to whether the stone can be discharged or not, and whether it has any effect on the renal function or not. In general, barbed stones are less likely to be expelled, but have less impact on renal function because the gaps between the crystals allow urine to pass through. On the contrary, smooth stones are easier to expel, but their surfaces are in close proximity to the mucosa of the urinary tract, so if they cannot be expelled in time, the resulting obstruction will be more complete, and the effect on renal function will be greater. Granular crystal structure of the stone is generally a shorter time to become a stone, the stone is smaller, the structure is also more loose, and its composition is mostly calcium oxalate dihydrate. This kind of stone can be treated with the combination of Chinese and western medicine for lithotripsy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Maillard stones are formed in a more spacious environment, take longer to form, and have a denser structure. When multiple stones are present at the same time and in close proximity to each other, the surfaces in contact with each other are visible. Their composition can be calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid. The diagnosis of such stones should take into account the presence or absence of obstruction. Although a combination of Western and Chinese medicine can be used, there is less chance that the stone will be discharged. This type of stone should be treated with surgery, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, or endoscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy or Chin laser lithotripsy. Complex structure of stone formation conditions and environment is more complex, some stones have a core, surrounded by a vehicle-like structure, and the periphery of the granular crystal structure; some stones have a granular structure of the core, surrounded by a maize-like structure; some stones are formed by a number of small stones bonded to each other; some stones combined with an infection or combined with obstruction. These stones are usually large and have an irregular surface pattern. Surgery is usually the treatment of choice to remove the stone while removing the factors that formed the stone.