Chest pain should be alert to diseases such as acute lethal diseases and malignant tumors. This is because acute fatal diseases can lead to sudden death and malignant tumors can seriously affect the life expectancy and survival of patients. 1. Acute fatal diseases (1) Acute myocardial infarction: patients with myocardial ischemia, hypoxia and necrosis, severe chest pain, is one of the causes of sudden death, but early diagnosis and treatment of the effect is better. (2) aortic coarctation: patients have cut-like or tear-like severe pain in the chest and back, the mortality rate is very high, the mortality rate increases by 1%~2% per hour within 24h of the onset of the disease, and those with pseudo-cavity rupture can die on the spot due to hemorrhage, which requires surgery or intervention. (3) Acute pulmonary embolism: patients may have symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, etc. The sudden death rate of large-scale acute pulmonary embolism can reach 50% within 24h, which requires emergency treatment and therapy. (4) Tension pneumothorax: patients have chest pain, dyspnea, profuse sweating and other symptoms, need to be timely thoracocentesis or drain exhaust decompression, otherwise the gas pressure in the chest cavity continues to increase continuously compression of mediastinal septum displacement, resulting in the heart and blood return to the large blood vessels is impeded and death. 2. Malignant tumors: Chest pain should be alerted to malignant tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, etc. Malignant tumors have serious impact on patients’ life expectancy and survival, and we should strive to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Chest pain also needs to be concerned about intermediate-risk and low-risk chest pain caused by other diseases, such as bone fracture, massive pneumonia, pleurisy, intercostal neuritis and so on. Patients with chest pain are advised to seek timely hospitalization.