Holmium laser is a pulsed near-infrared laser produced by the rare element holmium. During the lithotripsy process, the water on the surface of the stone and the water in the stone absorb the energy of the holmium laser and vaporize to form small balls, and the shock wave formed by the subsequent lysis of the vaporized small balls generates secondary pressure, which causes the stone to be crushed instantly. The six advantages of holmium laser are as follows: 1. Holmium laser has a small penetration depth to the tissues around the stones, which makes it difficult to perforate the organs during the operation and ensures the absolute safety of the operation. 2. The peak power of Holmium laser can reach 10kw, which is sufficient to crush stones of various compositions, and even the most stubborn stones can be crushed into powder. The diameter of the formed stone fragments is less than 0.5mm, which is very conducive to the discharge of stones. Holmium laser has three functions: cutting, vaporization and coagulation. When stones are combined with polyps or stenosis, other surgical methods are often helpless, but Holmium laser can treat them together. The Holmium laser has very little force to push the stone during the lithotripsy process, so the possibility of the stone being struck and moving up to the renal pelvis is greatly reduced. Holmium laser’s fiber is small and soft, so it can reach any lesion with the help of endoscope, and even the deepest and most distant ureteral stones can be treated under direct vision. Holmium laser treatment is particularly effective in treating ureteral stones, as it is less invasive and painful, and has very few postoperative complications.