There is no saying which one is better, peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, both have extremely strict indications and contraindications, both have obvious advantages and disadvantages, and need to be selected according to the patient’s condition. However, in general, because peritoneal dialysis is better for the protection of residual renal function, peritoneal dialysis is usually recommended as the first treatment in clinical practice. Both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are important treatments for acute and chronic renal failure. 1. Peritoneal Dialysis Peritoneal dialysis is more suitable for children and working people, because it can be performed at home without traveling to and from the hospital, which makes the time relatively free. Peritoneal dialysis does not require extracorporeal circulation and is more suitable for patients with cardiac insufficiency. The disadvantage is that the removal of toxins is not as adequate as hemodialysis, and the incidence of infection related to peritoneal dialysis is higher in the course of home treatment. 2. Hemodialysis Hemodialysis mainly utilizes the principle of semi-permeable membrane, which can filter metabolic wastes and harmful substances in the body within a short period of time, and the adequacy of toxin removal is better than that of peritoneal dialysis. However, hemodialysis patients must go back and forth to the hospital for treatment at a fixed time, which makes them detached from the society and partly affects their work and life. It is recommended that patients need to choose the appropriate dialysis method according to their own specific conditions and severity, under the guidance of the doctor, and follow the doctor’s instructions to actively treat.