Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease. Prevention must be taken seriously. Middle-aged and elderly people should not forget to measure the intraocular pressure during the annual physical examination. If you find elevated intraocular pressure. You should pay attention to the following points: living a regular life. Avoid mood swings. Maintain psychological balance. Try to watch less TV. Let your eyes rest more. Eat a light diet. Do not eat spicy foods. Do not take medications that have an effect on eye pressure. Once glaucoma symptoms appear. You must go to the hospital to see an ophthalmologist. Do your best to preserve your vision.
Patients know that once they have glaucoma, they are blind. They do not realize that glaucoma can cause more serious consequences than just that.
Several common complications are briefly described. Aftereffects.
1, optic nerve atrophy: the most common in glaucoma. It is also the most serious complication. Simply put, it is a loss of visual acuity. The field of vision shrinks. Until blindness. This is the inevitable end of every glaucoma.
2. Angioneurotic headache. Hypertension. Cardiovascular lesions: in fact, it is also a manifestation of glaucoma. It’s just that their manifestations mask the eye symptoms. It is misdiagnosed as the above lesions. If you do not get timely and correct diagnosis and treatment there is a risk to life.
3. Cataract: It is very close to glaucoma. Glaucoma can be complicated by cataract. In turn, cataract can be secondary to glaucoma in the process of development.
4. Retinal detachment: It is the most common complication after glaucoma surgery. The intraocular pressure drops sharply after surgery. The loss of support for the retina leads to retinal detachment. It is manifested as a sudden loss of visual field or total blindness.
5. Inflammatory infection: If the inflammation is not effectively controlled after surgery. Resulting in intraocular infection. In mild cases, the surgery fails. In severe cases, the eye needs to be removed secondary to uveitis. Prevent systemic spread of inflammation.
6, malignant glaucoma: postoperative intraocular pressure instead of a sharp increase. Removal of the eye to relieve the pain. (Reference: malignant glaucoma among the most common types of special clinical glaucoma).
Surgical trauma: The intraocular structures are very microscopic. A little carelessness can destroy the damage. And it is not easy to be detected. This is one of the important reasons for the failure of glaucoma surgery
Risk factors
The reason why glaucoma develops is related to the local structure of the patient’s eye. Age. Gender. Genetics. Refraction and other factors are closely related. People who have these factors are also at high risk for glaucoma. The acute onset of glaucoma is stimulated by adverse external factors at any time.
1, anatomical factors: shallow anterior chamber. Short eye axis. Thick crystal. Short corneal diameter. Leading to narrow anterior chamber angle. Impaired atrial aqueous drainage. Increased intraocular pressure. Glaucoma formation.
2. Age. Gender: open angle type mostly occurs in the age of 30 years. No significant gender differences. Closed-angle type patients over 45 years of age account for 68.2%-76.8% of glaucoma patients. More women than men.
3, genetic factors: glaucoma is a polygenic genetic lesion. Those with a family history. The incidence rate is 6 times higher than that without family history. It accounts for 13%-47% of the total number of cases. The incidence rate of relatives of patients is 3.5%-16%.
4, refractive factors: refractive error patients (myopia. Farsightedness. Presbyopia) has a higher incidence. Myopia is accompanied by or developed into open-angle glaucoma in 1/3 of cases. Farsightedness is mostly accompanied by closed-angle glaucoma.
5. Bad lifestyle habits: smoking and alcoholism. Irregular living. Irregular diet. Irritability. Habitual constipation. Stubborn insomnia.
6.Ocular to systemic pathology. (Reference: Which eye and systemic pathologies can trigger the formation. Aggravate the development of glaucoma? Which drugs can lead to changes in the condition?)
7.Inappropriate medication. (Reference: Which ocular and systemic pathologies can trigger the development of glaucoma? What drugs can cause changes? Which drugs can cause changes in the condition?)
8, work. Living environment.
Preventive measures
The main target of glaucoma prevention is people with risk factors. People with glaucoma risk factors. In bad mental factors and other triggers stimulate glaucoma formation at any time. Therefore, it is important to exclude all harmful factors that can induce an increase in IOP. Prevent glaucoma from occurring.
1. Keep your mood relaxed. Avoid excessive mood swings. The main triggering factor for glaucoma is long-term bad mental stimulation. Grumpiness. Depression. Worry. Panic.
2. Life. Regular diet and living. Combine work and rest. Adequate physical exercise. Do not participate in strenuous sports. Maintain the quality of sleep. Eat a light and nutritious diet. Do not drink or smoke. Strong tea. Coffee. Properly control the amount of water intake. Do not exceed 1000-1200ml per day. 400ml of water should not be drunk at once.
3. Pay attention to eye hygiene. Protect your eyes. Do not read in bright light. The dark room should not stay too long. The light must be sufficient and soft. Do not use your eyes excessively.
4, comprehensive management of systemic complications (see: which eye and systemic pathologies can induce the formation of. What drugs can cause changes in the disease? What drugs can cause changes in the condition?) .
5. Pay attention to the effects of drugs (refer to: Which eye and systemic pathologies can trigger the development of glaucoma? What drugs can cause changes in the disease? What drugs can cause changes in the condition?) .
6.Women during menopause. Menopause. The IOP should be elevated during menopause. Menstrual period, such as glaucoma performance. Should promptly see a specialist.
7, glaucoma family and risk factors. Regular review is necessary. Once there are signs of the onset of the disease. Must actively cooperate with treatment. Prevent sudden loss of visual function.
Early detection of glaucoma
Glaucoma is responsible for about ten to fifteen percent of all blindness in Japan and abroad. Glaucoma is the cause of about 10 to 15 percent of all blindness in the world. Adults over the age of 40 have glaucoma. Glaucoma affects about 2 percent of adults over the age of 40. Therefore, whenever people hear about glaucoma. It is always a scary thing to hear. It is as if they have seen the invisible killer of the eyes.
The so-called glaucoma is called “green cataract” in Japan. In the latest concept. It is a condition in which the optic nerve of the eye cannot withstand the increase in intraocular pressure. This causes damage to the optic nerve and atrophy. This results in various visual impairments and visual field defects.
Glaucoma has different causes. The form and mechanism of glaucoma. The symptoms vary greatly. Many patients often have no symptoms at all. Some have mild eye swelling and pain. Discomfort. Occasionally a ring of iridescent light around the bulb is seen. It is not until the end stage that severe visual field defects and visual disturbances are noticed. Most patients in this category have what is known as chronic corneal open glaucoma; another group of patients present with unbearable eye pain. Headaches. Even vomiting …. etc. This group of patients is more likely to have angle atresia glaucoma.
Glaucoma is not absolutely hereditary as far as we know. However, people with a family history of the disease. Diabetes. Elderly people with cataracts at an advanced age. Also, especially people with high myopia. These are the so-called high-risk groups. In Taipei City Yang Ming Hospital, the optic nerve examination was done for highly myopic adolescents. It was found that the nerve fiber layer of the optic nerve disc had a defective thinning phenomenon;
In addition, the axis of the eye is longer in high myopia. The deformation pressure on the optic nerve also increases. The pressure causes an impairment of intraocular circulation, which in turn affects the blood flow in the eye. Thus, open glaucoma and ischemic optic neuropathy-like changes in the visual field are also found in young patients with high myopia. Not to be left unnoticed.
Due to medical instruments. The advancement of medicine. Glaucoma with early detection. Adults over 40 years of age or high risk group. If glaucoma is present, it should be treated with medication on time. If glaucoma is present, it should be treated with medication and, if needed, with laser or surgery. Regular follow-up. Long-term control can be achieved. The vision can be maintained without loss of vision.
Most normal people have an intraocular pressure of 10 to 21 mm Hg. An eye pressure test is one of the three most important tests to detect glaucoma. It is also the easiest test to perform. Especially the current pneumatic IOP test. There is no need to order anesthesia. It is quick and easy.