Ureteroscopic lithotripsy A rigid ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra, bladder, and ureter to reach the stone, and then a lithotripsy instrument is placed through the ureteroscope to break the stone. This method requires a small hole in the patient’s lumbar region (an incision of about 15-20 cm in length is made in the lumbar region for open surgery), and then a nephroscope is inserted into the kidney to remove or flush out the stone with a stone extraction forceps after finding the stone. This surgical technique has been successfully used in our department to relieve the pain of a large number of patients with kidney stones and ureteral stones.
It is highly efficient, but sometimes it is difficult to reach the stones with large angles, and it needs to penetrate the kidney parenchyma, which has the risk of inducing hemorrhage. 3.Ureteroscopic lithotripsy Ureteroscope has the feature of being bendable at will, and combined with Holmium laser pelvic calyx lithotripsy is the latest surgical method at home and abroad, although the cost is relatively high, one operation can remove both ureteral and renal stones, and has the advantages of basically non-invasive surgery, no bleeding and small risk, fast recovery and repeatable surgery. However, the efficiency of lithotripsy is relatively low, and when large stones are encountered, the lithotripsy time is long and increases the risk. 4. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with soft ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Combining the advantages of the above two devices, it largely shortens the operation time, reduces the operation risk and decreases the stone residual rate. This technique is recommended when the kidney stones are large. 5.Laparoscopic lithotomy. Take 3 to 4 small openings to enter and take the stone with little damage, as shown below right. 6.Open surgery The traditional surgical method is to make an incision about 15-20 cm long in the lumbar region (as shown above left), which is highly injurious and slow to recover after surgery, and patients often lose part of their labor force after surgery, and is now used sparingly.