I often encounter patients who ask, “Doctor, how did I grow stones?” “Why don’t people grow stones and I grow stones?” “Why did the stone grow back after it was knocked out?” And so on a series of questions. Indeed, with the development of medical technology, urinary stones can be effectively treated once they are clearly diagnosed. Depending on the location and size of the stone, most patients can be treated successfully through various means such as conservative treatment (drug de-stoning, etc.), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and surgery (ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, cystoscopic laser lithotripsy), but the recurrence rate of stones is quite high. Some studies have shown that the recurrence rate can be as high as 50% to 100% without prevention and treatment, while the recurrence rate can be reduced to 10% to 15% with prevention and treatment. The specific cause of the disease is unknown resulting in a variety of stone components, and stones of different components vary in etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Stone composition analysis is a method to determine the nature of stones, an important basis for developing stone prevention programs and selecting lithotripsy therapy, and a prerequisite for individualized treatment of urolithiasis patients. Shanghai Tongji Hospital Urology Department introduced the latest technology of stone infrared spectroscopy automatic analysis system (Blue Mod LIIR-20 type) in March 2014, which has five advantages: ① “Double automatic”: with powerful spectral analysis function, it can fully automate the spectral analysis and determine the stone composition; according to the stone composition automatically ② High accuracy: the analysis results are accurate and reliable, and the accuracy rate is higher than that of manual analysis; the accuracy rate of this system is 100% for single component and mixed component of two or more stones, while the error rate of manual retrieval is very high (more than 60%), and this system is extremely advantageous in analyzing mixed component stones. ③ Fast detection speed and easy operation; the whole operation takes only 10 minutes per case after four steps of drying, grinding, pressing and testing; ④ Wide analysis range: both crystalline and non-crystalline components can be analyzed; both inorganic and organic compounds can be analyzed; all common and rare components of urinary stones can be covered; ⑤ Small sample size is required, and the sample is not destroyed. Sample: The sample size is only 1mg (sesame seed size), which overcomes the difficulty that stone specimens are not easy to collect and can be well analyzed for powdered stones. So how are stone specimens obtained? Whether it is a small stone discharged on its own, or a stone discharged by extracorporeal shock wave or after surgery, the stone composition can be analyzed – the stone or the powdered stone will sink to the bottom when the urine is dissolved into a spittoon after lithotripsy → water is used to bleach it out → remove it to dry → store it properly and send it to the hospital.