When the symptoms of pain in the abdomen and bleeding in the stool occur, the first consideration is ulcerative colitis. The main clinical symptom is bloody diarrhea, accompanied by abdominal pain, bloody stools, and a feeling of urgency, with significant weight loss and occasional vomiting. For those with mild symptoms, medical treatment, such as immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, salicylic acid preparations, etc., can be used, supplemented by bed rest and, if necessary, parenteral nutritional supplementation to improve the patient’s malnourished state. Surgical treatment is mainly aimed at treating the disease with massive bleeding, intestinal perforation, recurrent ulcers or immediate deterioration after drug reduction, i.e. by total rectal or colonic resection or ostomy. In addition, other intestinal diseases can also present such symptoms and require appropriate tests for diagnosis.