What are the clinical manifestations of lumbar disc herniation?

Lumbar disc herniation is one of the main causes of low back pain, and the incidence accounts for about 15% of outpatients with low back pain, with more men than women, and about 80% occurring in young adults. It is common in L4/5 herniation, followed by L3/4 and L5S1. 1. Low back pain: mainly in the lower back or lumbosacral region. The nature of pain is mostly chronic dull pain when the fibrous ring is intact, and acute sharp pain when the nucleus pulposus is herniated. The main reason for the occurrence of low back pain is that the herniated disc stimulates the outer fibrous ring and the sinus nerve in the posterior longitudinal ligament or the larger disc stimulates the dural sac. 2, lower limb pain: mostly seen in those with herniated discs in lumbar 4, 5 and lumbar 5 sacral 1. The pain is mostly radiating, from the hip, posterior lateral thigh, lateral calf to the back of the foot or from the hip, posterior lateral thigh, posterior lateral calf to the sole of the foot, and in very few cases, radiating from the bottom to the top. This is due to the compression of the protruding disc or the irritation of the nerve root by the overflowing material from the fragmented disc, resulting in inflammatory reactions such as congestion, edema, exudation and ischemia of the nerve root. Lower abdominal or anterior thigh pain Mostly caused by the protruding disc compressing the nerve roots of lumbar 1, 2 and 3 in the case of high lumbar disc herniation. Some low lumbar disc herniation may also involve the anterior thighs and cause pain. 3, intermittent claudication: the patient walking distance increased caused by low back pain or discomfort, while the affected limb pain numbness or the original pain numbness symptoms aggravated, squatting or lying down for a few moments symptoms gradually alleviated. This is due to the gradual congestion of the obstructed venous plexus in the spinal canal during walking, which aggravates the degree of nerve root congestion and causes increased pain. 4, cold extremities: also known as cold sciatica sacral 1 nerve root involvement than lumbar 5 nerve root involvement is more likely to cause a decrease in skin temperature of the affected limbs, to the distal toes for. Mostly due to the protruding intervertebral disc stimulates the sympathetic nerve fibers next to the vertebrae, reflexively causing the lower limb blood vessel wall contraction.