Endometriosis is a common condition in women of reproductive age, with an incidence of about 15%. Endometriosis is the main culprit in triggering severe menstrual pain in women, which can last from one or two days to last for the whole period. Other severe patients have symptoms even during non-menstrual periods and experience varying degrees of painful intercourse, causing them to fear and avoid intercourse. In addition, endometriosis is the second leading cause of infertility, causing trouble and pain to countless families. Once developed, endometriosis is difficult to cure. As the disease progresses, some cysts rupture, causing severe pain and causing adhesions around the uterus, which can affect fertility. Endometriosis is found in various parts of the body, most commonly in the pelvis, especially the ovaries, and also in the scars of caesarean sections and perineal scars. The cause of endometriosis is still inconclusive, but it is generally believed to be closely related to menstrual reflux. If the patient marries and has children, the ectopic uterine membrane will shrink after pregnancy, making the condition less severe. Early treatment will not affect a woman’s fertility. Young women are advised to take menstrual pain seriously and avoid strenuous exercise during menstruation to avoid reflux of menstrual blood back into the pelvis along the fallopian tubes. Some endometriosis is intrinsic, i.e., myometriosis, and secondary progressive dysmenorrhea is its characteristic manifestation, accompanied by increased menstrual flow and prolonged periods. Dysmenorrhea in myometriosis is more pronounced and worsens. In some cases, medication fails to resolve the dysmenorrhea and eventually the uterus has to be removed. Endometriosis is a benign lesion, but it has malignant behavior and has a 0.7% to 1% malignancy rate, with the ovarian area being the most common. Therefore, early detection and treatment of endometriosis is of great importance to women of childbearing age, especially those who are infertile.