There are many surgical options for treating herniated discs, and the current surgical techniques are relatively mature, the safety of surgery is relatively high, and the incidence of postoperative complications is significantly lower than in the past. However, this does not mean that the surgery is risk-free at all, and very few patients will experience complications such as incisional infection, postoperative recurrence, secondary instability of the spine, which can lead to local pain, intraoperative neurospinal cord injury, and postoperative hematoma compressing the spinal cord. If a patient requires herniated disc surgery, it is recommended to go to the spine department or orthopedic department of a regular tertiary care hospital or higher for surgical treatment. It is usually necessary to complete relevant imaging examinations, such as CT or MRI, to determine the degree of disc herniation and its segments. The surgeon will choose the surgical procedure according to the specific condition, such as whether to choose discoscopic surgery or open surgery for herniated disc, and will give a detailed explanation of the risks and prognosis of the surgery to the patient.