Mycobacterium vaginalis, or mycosis vaginalis, is caused by a dysbiosis of the vaginal flora, an abnormal change in the pH value, which leads to a proliferation of mycobacteria in the vagina, causing leucorrhea and vulvar itching, or burning and stinging in the vulva. It may be caused by prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or immunosuppressive drugs, or it may be caused by hormonal stimulation in women with diabetes or after pregnancy. After the onset of mycosis, it is usually necessary to consider using an alkaline solution to lower the pH of the vagina to inhibit the growth of mycobacteria, often by using sodium bicarbonate in a sitz bath followed by vaginal application of nifurtimox vaginal soft capsules.