Multiple nodules after lung cancer surgery may be caused by new lung cancer or recurrence of lung cancer, and the cause should be clarified in time to take corresponding treatment. Treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and so on. If the nodule is a newly developed lung cancer, its pathological features and gene mutation status may not be related to the original lung cancer, for example, it may be manifested as squamous lung cancer or small-cell lung cancer, which is also called multiple primary lung cancers, and may lead to the emergence of small nodules after lung cancer resection. In this case, the treatment should follow the principle of primary lung cancer management, and surgical resection can be considered if necessary. In case of recurrence of lung cancer, it is necessary to evaluate whether there is metastasis to other sites and whether it is a single nodule. If there is no metastasis from other parts and only small isolated nodules, surgery or local radiotherapy can be considered, but if there are multiple small lung nodules or distant metastasis, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and other related treatments may be needed. When the symptoms of multiple nodules after lung cancer surgery appear, one should consult the doctor in time to avoid delaying the condition.