The best treatment for thoracic vertebra 12 compression fracture requires conservative treatment or surgery depending on the age of the patient and the degree of compression fracture. For postmenopausal women and elderly men with vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis, it is best to start with conservative treatment, with bed rest, braces, and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pain relievers (celecoxib capsules) for pain relief, as well as anti-osteoporosis medications (zoledronic acid) and vitamin D and calcium supplements. If pain is not relieved and physical condition permits, minimally invasive cemented vertebroplasty is feasible. For young and middle-aged people without osteoporosis, vertebral compression fractures are usually caused by violence. If the compression is within 20% of the vertebral body height, absolute bed rest for at least 1 month can be used, followed by wearing thoracolumbar spine support to get out of bed. If the vertebral compression is more than 20%, surgery is recommended to open up the intervertebral space and restore the height of the vertebral body, and then wear a brace to get out of bed 1 week after surgery. Thoracic vertebral compression fracture is recommended to actively seek medical advice and treatment under the guidance of a physician.