Stroke is a common and intractable disease that seriously endangers human health and life safety, and is ranked as one of the four most difficult diseases in Chinese medicine: wind, consumption, dropsy, and diaphragm. In the past two decades, the annual number of stroke deaths exceeded 2 million, with an annual growth rate of 8.7%. In 2006, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Science and Technology conducted the third nationwide sample survey on the causes of death, which showed that cerebrovascular disease surpassed malignant tumors as the leading cause of death in China, accounting for 22.45% of all deaths. Another characteristic of stroke is that it is easy to recur and causes more damage to patients when it recurs. Therefore, there is a greater need to take effective measures to prevent recurrence. Stroke poses a great threat to human health and life, causing great suffering to patients and a heavy burden to families and society. Therefore, it is imperative to fully understand the seriousness of stroke, to improve the treatment and prevention of stroke, and to reduce the incidence, disability and mortality of stroke. Stroke mainly refers to acute cerebrovascular disease in modern medicine, such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral embolism, subarachnoid hemorrhage and so on. Modern science classifies this disease into two main categories: hemorrhagic and ischemic. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular malformation, cerebral aneurysm often lead to hemorrhagic stroke; rheumatic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, bacterial endocarditis, etc. often form ischemic stroke. In addition, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, abnormal blood rheology and abnormal mood swings are closely related to the occurrence of this disease. About fifteen percent of strokes are hemorrhagic, such as intracerebral hemorrhage, ventricular hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, or subsarcoid hemorrhage. Eighty-five percent of its N in X L is infarct (infarct). The remaining eighty-five percent of strokes are ischemic. As for the causes of ischemic strokes, forty percent are unexplained and may be due to hyperemia, twenty percent are due to lacunar infarction, fifteen percent are due to cardiogenic thrombosis, and ten percent are due to macrovascular disease. Forty percent are unexplained, probably related to hypertension, and 20 percent are lacunar infarction. Fifteen percent are cardiogenic thrombi, ten percent are macrovascular disease, etc. The treatment of acute stroke can be divided into general treatment principles including blood pressure control, unobstructed airway, adequate oxygen, prevention of aspiration pneumonia, correction of heart failure or arrhythmia, hydration, sugar and electrolyte balance, and reduction of intracranial pressure. For hemorrhagic stroke, the first thing is to identify the cause of bleeding, but fortunately the rapid development of modern imaging technology provides good conditions for diagnosis. For cerebral hemorrhage caused by hypertension and atherosclerosis, hematoma puncture and drainage or cranial debridement hematoma removal is necessary to remove the clot and prevent life-threatening brain herniation. For cerebrovascular malformation and cerebral aneurysm diseases, it is important to clarify the location and nature of the lesion first. For this type of disease, endovascular treatment techniques have become the first choice both at home and abroad. For example, for the diagnosis and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage, some scholars believe that intracranial aneurysm hemorrhage accounts for 75% to 80% of its etiology. Finding and relieving the presence of intracranial aneurysm is the key measure to improve the cure rate of spontaneous SAH and prevent recurrence. In Russia, Serbinenko reported the use of balloon embolization of intracranial aneurysm in 1974, which marked the birth of modern endovascular neurosurgery, and in March 1990, Guglielmi invented the electrodisintegrating spring coil (GDC), which is increasingly used in the treatment of aneurysm. In 1998, Ling Feng and Li Tielin pointed out that 80% of intracranial aneurysms could be treated by endovascular route, and only 20% required microsurgery due to catheter technique or aneurysm neck etc. The international multicenter randomized prospective trial (ISAT) published at the end of 2002 proved that the relative and absolute risks of patients treated endovascularly compared to surgically were reduced by 22.6% and 6.9%, respectively. In August of the following year, the U.S. FDA expanded the indications for aneurysm embolization therapy from high-risk or difficult-to-operate aneurysms to all intracranial aneurysms. With the development of imaging technology and endovascular treatment materials and techniques, endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has replaced aneurysm clamping as the first choice. Cerebrovascular malformations include cerebral arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulas, carotid cavernous sinus fistulas, and smoker’s disease, etc. These are difficult to treat and are also hot spots for research. The rapid development of minimally invasive concepts and endovascular treatment materials has made endovascular therapy one of the most interesting medical advances of the 21st century. For ischemic stroke, MRI can provide a rapid diagnosis. Affirmative medical therapy includes antiplatelet aggregation, lipid lowering, blood pressure control, smoking cessation, and treatment of related diseases. Thrombolytic therapy is an important development in the treatment of ischemic stroke in recent years. Studies in Europe and the United States have shown that the third-generation thrombolytic drug r t-P A at 0.9 u/k g can significantly improve neurological function within 3 hours of symptom onset. However, it is difficult to be promoted because of the extremely small time window and high price of treatment. Therefore, the use of neuroprotective agents is advocated internationally. For the cascade response mechanism of ischemic brain injury, anti-excitotoxic, calcium blocking, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic drugs are applied. Thrombolysis by transarterial route can expand the time window of thrombolysis to 6 hours, and it can be accurately performed at the focal target in real time, which improves the recanalization rate after thrombolysis, but there is still a risk of rebleeding and cerebral perfusion pressure breakthrough. However, for ischemic stroke due to atherosclerosis or other causes of arterial stenosis, medical therapy has not yet completely resolved the arterial stenosis. the NASCET and ECST studies confirmed that the use of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) significantly reduced recurrence rates for moderate to severe stenosis compared to medical drug therapy. the ACST is the largest carotid endarterectomy (CEA) The SAPPHIRE study compared the use of CEA with CAS and CAS and found that CAS with a filter device was not inferior to CEA in terms of efficacy and safety, and that the use of CAS with a filter device is recommended in high-risk patients with specific conditions. CAS is recommended for high-risk patients.