People at high risk for diabetes include adults who are overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) and have 1 or more of the following risk factors 1. low physical activity 2. first-degree relatives with diabetes 3. ethnic groups at high risk for diabetes 4. women who have delivered a baby weighing >4 kg or who have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes 5, hypertension (BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or treated for hypertension) 6, HDL cholesterol < 0.90 mmol/L and/or triglycerides > 2.82 mmol/L 7, women with polycystic ovary syndrome 8, previous testing revealed glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 5.7%, abnormal glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose regulation 9, other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance (eg. severe obesity, acanthosis nigricans) 10, history of coronary artery disease Those who do not meet the above criteria should begin diabetes screening from the age of 45 years. If the test results are normal, the test should be repeated at least once every 3 years thereafter, and patients with pre-diabetes should be tested annually. Diagnostic gold standard: oral glucose tolerance test (note that normal fasting glucose ≠ normal blood glucose).