In fact, cancer is by no means a terminal disease, and the cure rate of early gastric cancer and colorectal cancer is very high. The reason why many people think that gastric cancer and colorectal cancer mean that there is no cure is that most patients are already in the progressive stage once they are diagnosed, and the treatment effect of progressive tumor is very limited. 1.Early detection of gastrointestinal tumor is a line between life and death East Asia, as a region with high incidence of gastric cancer, is the main battlefield of gastric cancer treatment worldwide. And China, Japan and Korea are the main battle area of high incidence of gastric cancer in East Asia. There are about 679?100 new cases of gastric cancer in China every year, and about 498,000 people die from gastric cancer. One of the main reasons for the very low five-year survival rate is that more than 80% of the cases are already in the progressive stage when they are diagnosed. In Korea and Japan, which are also regions with a high incidence of stomach cancer, the government-supported early screening program for stomach cancer has resulted in a staggering 50% or more early diagnosis rate and a 5-year survival rate of 64.6% and 71.5%. For colorectal cancer, the National Cancer Center released data showing that the incidence of colorectal cancer declined at an annual rate of 4% or more from 2008 to 2011. 2011 CDC reported a colorectal cancer incidence rate of 40.0 per 100,000 people. The mortality rate for colorectal cancer also decreased by nearly 35% from 1990-2007. It has been analyzed that the improvement in these data may be due to improved early detection rates through the prevalence of screening, which has led to advances in treatment. Although the overall incidence of colorectal cancer has decreased, retrospective cohort studies of the American Cancer Surveillance Colorectal Cancer Database have shown an increased incidence of colorectal cancer in people under the age of 50, so colorectal cancer screening physicals are still necessary. 2.Stomach cancer symptoms: unexplainable abdominal pain and inexplicable weight loss Stomach cancer often has no specific symptoms or even no symptoms in the early stage, and a few patients may have non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, which are easily confused with peptic ulcer and ignored. With the development of tumor, more obvious symptoms will appear only when it affects gastric function, but such symptoms are not unique to gastric cancer and are often similar to gastric chronic diseases such as gastritis and ulcer disease. Therefore, the diagnosis rate of early gastric cancer is low. The pain in the upper abdomen is mostly dull, persistent, aggravated after eating and spreads to the lower back. If the nature of pain suddenly changes, such as sharp pain like cutting and accompanied by abdominal distension, muscle tension and rebound pain, it mostly indicates the appearance of tumor ulcer perforation. Tumors located in the upper part of the stomach, such as the fundus and cardia, may also have progressive dysphagia with retrosternal pain and gastrointestinal reflux, while tumors located in the pylorus or large tumors with obstruction may have obvious obstructive symptoms, and the pain may persist and worsen intermittently with spasm. When the scope of abdominal pain continues to expand, it may indicate that the tumor has progressed beyond the stomach wall and infiltrated the surrounding tissues and organs. Patients with progressive gastric cancer often show progressive weight loss, emaciation, anemia and weakness along with disease progression, and may have obvious loss of appetite, some patients may have aversion to greasy food, acid reflux, belching, nausea and vomiting. If there is blood mixed in the vomit or vomiting blood or black stool, it indicates that the tumor invades the blood vessels and causes gastrointestinal bleeding. In addition, patients may also have other symptoms such as diarrhea and fever. 3.Symptoms of colorectal cancer: blood in stool, which is hard to hide For colorectal cancer, there are no obvious symptoms in the early stage, mainly including blood in stool, change of stool habit and trait, abdominal pain and bloating, among which blood in stool is the most important change, which is often confused with hemorrhoids, anal fissure and anal fistula, thus delaying the best treatment time. Patients with rectal cancer may have more frequent bowel movements, but the volume of bowel movements may not be much, or even no bowel movements at all, but only some mucus-pus-blood-like material is excreted, and the bowel movements are often very urgent before, but there is a feeling of not being clean afterwards, which is called “urgency and heaviness”. In addition, diarrhea and constipation may alternate. If the tumor is large and protrudes into the intestinal cavity, it may cause narrowing of the intestinal tract, and the shape of the stool is often thin and may be unshaped. Patients with colorectal cancer have bright red or dark red blood in the stool, and often the blood and stool are separated. Only when the amount of bleeding is high, the stool will be brownish red and jam-like, sometimes mixed with pus-like material, which is called mucopurulent stool. In early stage tumor patients, blood in stool may not be obvious and there is no visual blood in stool. Only under microscope may red cells be seen, i.e. microscopic blood in stool, which is also an important part of tumor screening. Hemorrhoids tend to bleed after stool, while anal fissure is bleeding with severe pain during defecation. Colorectal cancer may have other manifestations besides blood in stool, such as weight loss, diarrhea, change in defecation habit and change in stool shape, etc., which can be distinguished. 4.Gastric cancer screening: tumor marker examination as the guide, gastroscopy as the core For gastric cancer, the easiest way to screen is tumor markers, including CEA, CA-199, CA72-4, CA-242, etc., which are of certain significance for gastric cancer screening, diagnosis and recurrence monitoring, but their specificity is poor, so they only have a preliminary suggestive role, and are not used as the basis for gastric cancer diagnosis, diagnosis and recurrence monitoring. However, their specificity is poor, so they are only preliminary indications and not the final basis for the diagnosis, characterization and staging of gastric cancer. Although elevated tumor markers do not necessarily mean gastric cancer, if abnormal elevation of tumor markers is detected during the initial routine physical examination, gastroscopy should be performed to clarify the diagnosis using the abnormal markers as a guide. Gastroscopy is the most important screening tool and is essential in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Endoscopy can obtain tissues for pathological diagnosis, which can be considered as the “gold standard” for gastric cancer diagnosis. At the same time, endoscopy can locate the tumor site and provide important reference for determining the surgical method. Biopsy is a necessary tool to confirm the diagnosis of gastric cancer, and the diagnosis rate of early gastric cancer can reach 95% by combining biopsy with gastroscopy. The diagnosis rate of early-stage gastric cancer can reach 95% with biopsy, and that of progressive gastric cancer can reach 90%. In addition, as far as gastric cancer screening is concerned, there are many cutting-edge technologies that can serve us better. For those who have a family history of gastric cancer, CDH1 molecular level genetic testing can be performed. Asymptomatic CDH1 truncated mutation carriers aged 18-40 years in the family line, gastroscopic surveillance is meaningless and prophylactic total gastrectomy is recommended. Liquid biopsies including peripheral blood circulating tumor cells and ct-DNA have high reference value and are expected to become important markers for gastric cancer screening in the future. 5.Colorectal cancer screening: anal examination and stool examination cannot be ignored Although there are many advanced examination techniques, rectal examination is still the easiest and necessary early screening tool for rectal cancer. If mucus, pus or blood is found on the surface of the finger sleeve, it can be inferred that there is inflammation in the rectum or the tumor tissue is broken. When the tumor is close to the anus, the mass can be directly palpated through rectal finger examination, and the location, size and activity of the mass can be judged. Colonoscopic pathological biopsy is the gold standard for colorectal cancer diagnosis, and it is a feasible diagnostic strategy to screen out people with high risk of colorectal cancer based on risk factors such as patients’ age, fecal occult blood test results and family history of colorectal cancer, and then to conduct purposeful colonoscopic screening. Colonoscopy screening can significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in the average risk group. Stool testing is now receiving more and more attention in colorectal cancer screening, including the simplest fecal occult blood test and the more advanced fecal DNA test. The fecal occult blood test is recommended to be performed once a year. Fecal noninvasive DNA testing is a new colorectal cancer screening method that holds great promise for detecting the presence of DNA alterations in cells shed from stool during colorectal carcinogenesis. For gastrointestinal tumors, the most important thing is early detection and early treatment. In fact, cancer is not a terminal disease, early cancer treatment is very effective and there is every hope to achieve complete cure. In addition to self-examination through symptoms, tumor screening is extremely important. Microscience recommends you to have an effective and comprehensive tumor screening every year, for yourself and for your family, health is priceless.