Nowadays, China’s maternal and child health care work is constantly deepening, and “baby-friendly hospitals” are almost all over the country, the essence of which is to promote hospitalized childbirth and breastfeeding to ensure the well-being of mothers and children. Mothers are able to receive guidance on breastfeeding from medical staff during hospitalization, but are not able to receive timely guidance and assistance from medical staff after discharge from the hospital. What should breastfeeding mothers pay attention to when breastfeeding their children at home? First of all, breastfeeding mothers should pay attention to their own problems in breastfeeding. Within 4-6 months, the child should be exclusively breastfed, that is to say, in addition to breastmilk, do not feed the child any water or juice and other beverages, to prevent the child from getting used to the artificial nipple and not accustomed to the mother’s nipple, resulting in breastfeeding failure. Colostrum (i.e. milk within 4-5 days after delivery) is the first natural immune substance in life, so do not discard it and feed it all to your child. Breastfeeding should be done according to the needs of the child, i.e. “breastfeeding on demand”, that is, when the child cries out with hunger or when the mother feels her milk is swollen, do not set a certain time for the child to breastfeed. I once met a mother who, according to the books, fed her child every three hours, and when the child cried, she only gave him water. As a result, when the child reached one month of age, he had not gained much weight, which not only affected his physical development, but also the development of his brain cells. Mothers should maintain a comfortable position when breastfeeding their children to avoid fatigue due to prolonged breastfeeding, which may reduce milk secretion. Breastfeeding can be done in a sitting position, lying down or semi-lying down. In the sitting position, mothers can feed their babies with their feet on a small stool plate, which is both comfortable and conducive to the baby’s nipple reception. When feeding the baby, the mother should put her thumb on top of one breast, and drag the remaining four fingers upward under the breast, so that the baby can contain all the nipple and most of the areola, which can prevent the occurrence of nipple cracking and mastitis, and can promote the discharge of milk. Breastfeeding mothers must avoid the middle finger and forefinger “scissors-style” clamping breasts, which is not conducive to milk discharge. Mothers should keep a happy mood, and do not overwork, while strengthening nutrition, etc., can increase the amount of milk secretion. Wash your hands before feeding your child to prevent infection. Softly massage the breasts before feeding, or use a hot towel to compress the breasts, if necessary, can be cleaned with a milk wipe of water to clean the breasts, but do not scrub the nipples with soap or alcohol and other stimulating substances, so as not to cause local skin dryness, cracking. Mothers are advised not to wear chemical fiber or woolen underwear, and should wear suitable cotton bras to hold the breasts, improve blood circulation to the breasts and facilitate milk secretion. Breastfeeding mother in a breastfeeding, should let the child will be one side of the breast sucking empty and then sucking the other side of the breast (generally one side of the breast should be sucked for about ten minutes), so that the “foremilk” and “aftermilk” will be all eaten, you can get enough nutrients and water. This is because the protein, fat, and water content of the first milk (the first milk) and the last milk (the milk at the end) are different. When breastfeeding your child, if this time you feed the left breast and then the right breast, then next time you must feed the right breast and then the left breast, alternating between the two breasts, not only to prevent milk stagnation leading to mastitis, but also conducive to the secretion of milk. Don’t feed your child a rubber nipple to prevent abnormal jaw development. After each breastfeeding, the child should be erected and patted on the back to prevent milk spillage; let the child lie down in a flat position and put his head to the side to prevent asphyxiation after spitting out milk. Breastfeeding mothers should learn to hand milking and the appropriate use of breast pumps, in order to empty the breast of the child can not eat and the remaining milk. If there is not enough milk, you should consult a doctor. The sign of sufficient milk is: the baby’s weight gain per month ≥ 800 grams; or the baby urinated more than 8-10 times a day and night, and each time the amount of urine is not less; or breastfeeding before the mother felt milk distension, there is milk overflow, feeding the feeling of milk, the child has sucking and gagging sound, breastfeeding mother feel the breasts have a sense of softness, the child loose mouth to sleep. Secondly, breastfeeding mothers should also pay attention to infant problems during breastfeeding. Infant starvation diarrhea: starvation diarrhea is an infant in the breastfeeding process due to the quality and/or quantity of breast milk is insufficient, resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction, intestinal peristalsis and diarrhea. Manifested as infants defecate more often, less, stool was dark green sticky, defecation before and after are not crying; infant appetite, often less than an hour or two after feeding and crying for food; if the hunger can not be corrected, the symptoms will be exacerbated, diarrhea up to more than 10 times a day, but also loss of appetite, spitting up, sleep disturbances, crying, resistance to decline, malnutrition and other symptoms. Home treatment is to increase the amount of breastfeeding, or go to the hospital. Hypoglycemia in newborns or infants: There are many reasons for this, but inadequate intake is one of the common causes. Glucose is the only source of energy to maintain normal brain function, therefore, hypoglycemia in infants can lead to impaired brain cell function, especially asymptomatic hypoglycemia is more likely to be overlooked by parents or doctors, often unknowingly causing irreversible brain damage in infants. Infant hypoglycemia often lacks symptoms, delayed milk, about 80% of the children only low blood sugar, without symptoms; symptomatic, mostly occur within 6-12 hours. Symptoms and signs are also not specific, mainly manifested as depression, lethargy, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, apnea, excessive sweating, pallor, body temperature does not rise, paroxysmal bruising, irritability, tremor, shortness of breath and so on. Generally speaking, neonatal hypoglycemia mostly occurs during the mother’s hospitalization, as long as the mother found that the child has a problem can immediately ask the doctor to come to see, generally are not good to happen what the problem; small infants at home once the above performance, the mother should take the child to the hospital immediately, do not delay. Neonatal jaundice: there are many reasons for neonatal jaundice, but the common one is physiologic jaundice in newborns. Physiological jaundice can be completely eliminated in about half a month for full-term babies, and in about twenty-one days for preterm babies, not more than one month at the latest. If the jaundice of a newborn does not subside after the above period of time, it belongs to pathological jaundice and should be consulted promptly. There is another condition called breast milk jaundice that breastfeeding mothers should be aware of. Breast milk jaundice is due to the high activity of a glucuronidase enzyme contained in breast milk, which increases the amount of bilirubin absorbed by the intestines, and the excess bilirubin absorbed enters the blood circulation and jaundice occurs. Jaundice appears 3-7 days after birth and subsides in 4-12 weeks. Skin jaundice is more pronounced, but the child does not show any signs of illness or other causes of jaundice. It is usually difficult for parents to distinguish whether it is breast milk jaundice or some other kind of jaundice. If you find that your child’s jaundice doesn’t subside in time, you should still consult a doctor promptly. Intestinal malabsorption syndrome, also known as lactose intolerance: is due to a primary or secondary deficiency of the enzyme lactase in the small intestine. Primary lactase deficiency is genetically linked and has a family history; secondary lactase deficiency is caused by an infection that leads to diarrhea that damages the intestinal mucosa and causes lactase deficiency. Both are manifested as diarrhea soon after birth, stools several times a day or dozens of times, thin yellow stools, eggdrop soup-like or mucus-like, with a lot of foam, accompanied by abdominal distension, exhaust. In mild cases, it does not affect appetite and growth and development; in severe cases, it can turn into persistent and prolonged diarrhea, which may cause serious symptoms such as dehydration and acidosis, and will affect growth and development. Some children’s buttocks skin due to often acidic stool corrosion and epidermal shedding, red buttocks and so on. When encountering diarrhea in children for a longer period of time, you should think of this disease and seek prompt medical attention. For congenital lactase deficiency of the pediatric is not no way to treat, as long as not to contain a lot of lactase diet can be given, will not affect the child’s growth and development, the key is to timely diagnosis. Physiological diarrhea: the reason may be that breast milk contains more nutrients than the baby’s body needs, at the same time, the baby’s digestive ability is not yet sound; or breast milk contains prostaglandins, promote the baby’s small intestinal smooth muscle peristalsis, resulting in diarrhea; or due to the baby’s intestinal flora disorders caused by diarrhea. Most of the breastfeeding infants within 6 months; children can be up to more than ten times a day defecation; thin stools, yellow, greenish or yellowish green, there are more milk petals or a small amount of mucus, often in the breastfeeding that is defecation; in addition to diarrhea, the child has no other anomalies, the growth and development of normal. Parents encountered this situation can not go to the hospital, do not have to cut off breast milk, do not need medication, only need to continue breastfeeding, while adding complementary foods. Generally in the addition of complementary foods after diarrhea symptoms will soon be cured, but parents should pay attention to the baby’s buttocks care, do not occur buttock erosion. “save belly”: breast milk because it does not contain fiber and other substances that can not be digested and absorbed components, and relatively low protein content and easy to digest, for some of the digestive and absorptive function of the child, will be very good, all the absorption of breast milk in the nutrients, the amount of food residue is very small, so the amount of defecation is very small, about a week or so. Defecation once a week, commonly known as “save belly”. This kind of children, the abdomen is soft, without any discomfort, growth and development is normal, although the number of stools is small, but the character is normal (golden yellow soft stools). Such children, parents do not need special treatment, do not use enemas, corkscrew and other methods of laxative, so as not to cause intestinal damage.