Glaucoma is a serious blinding disease that causes optic nerve damage and visual field defects due to increased intraocular pressure. Once this pathological damage occurs, it is irreversible and there is no possibility of regaining sight, so early detection and treatment are particularly important. Both adults and children can develop glaucoma, but the causes are different. Most childhood glaucoma is congenital, but there is also acquired secondary glaucoma, and 2-15% of blind people are blind due to congenital glaucoma. Congenital glaucoma is divided into three types according to disease characteristics: infantile glaucoma, juvenile glaucoma and glaucoma combined with other congenital anomalies. The early damage to visual function is a blind spot in the central area of the parafoveal field that gradually expands, i.e., the range of vision is first affected in the early stages of the disease, while the central vision can remain unimpaired for a long time. The disease is usually not accompanied by how uncomfortable symptoms such as eye enlargement, shyness, lacrimation, etc. The onset of the disease is insidious and often cannot be detected early, most of them are detected by physical examination or by seeing other eye diseases, and some of them show progressive worsening of myopia. In the middle and late stages of the disease, there is a centripetal narrowing of the visual field and a decrease in central vision. Infantile glaucoma develops in 80% of cases within 1 year of age, often bilaterally, and some are already advanced at birth. The first manifestation is a triad of photophobia, lacrimation, and blepharospasm, which may be accompanied by large eyes, large corneas, ocular congestion, and hairy glass-like clouding of the cornea. With the gradual increase in intraocular pressure and prolongation of the eye, the transverse diameter of the cornea increases and the clouding becomes more severe, and even acute corneal clouding can occur. Congenital glaucoma should be highly suspected in infants and children with a transverse corneal diameter >12 mm or progressive enlargement. The first choice of treatment for congenital glaucoma is surgery, but it should be performed in a special surgical way that is different from that of adults and should be performed by a physician with experience in the treatment of pediatric eye disease. The success of the first surgery is very critical, and the success rate of timely surgery is generally up to 80% in cases with postnatal onset. However, surgery is not the same as a permanent solution. Some patients may not have their IOP fully controlled after surgery or may have their IOP gradually increased in the long term after surgery, so they need long-term follow-up, regular IOP measurement, fundus and visual field examination, and medication or surgery if necessary.