Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which can be transmitted through contaminated water sources and other means, causing the virulent enteric infection cholera. Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacillus, often in the shape of an arc or a comma. It is a parthenogenetic anaerobic bacterium that can survive for a long time in the natural environment, for example, it can survive in shellfish such as fish and shrimp for 1~2 weeks, or even for more than 1 year if the conditions are suitable. However, Vibrio cholerae is sensitive to heating, drying, acidic environment and disinfectants. Vibrio cholerae is transmitted through contaminated water and food, and can also be transmitted indirectly through daily contact. It can cause severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, muscle cramps and other symptoms. Cholera is a Category A infectious disease, which is highly contagious, spreads rapidly and is extremely harmful to the public.