Treatment of keloid scars Keloid scars are intractable lesions on the surface of the skin and have a complex pathogenesis. Keloid scars, especially hyperplastic scars and keloids, are often aesthetically disfiguring and can even lead to dysfunction, which can seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients. Keloid scars are different from ordinary hyperplastic keloids. In hyperplastic keloid scars, the lesion is confined to the original injury area, while keloid scars invade the surrounding normal dermis and infiltrate into the surrounding normal tissue. Proliferative keloid scars usually appear within 4 weeks of wound healing, and after several months or more of proliferation, they appear to calm down or even atrophy. In contrast, keloid scars may first exhibit proliferative scar-like characteristics and then take on the characteristics of a keloid, often with a distinct band of inflammatory infiltrate in the early stages, hence the name keloid. Keloid scars can often occur after a minor injury to skin tissue (e.g., insect bites, acne, acne, etc.), and sometimes the cause of the injury is not even recognized. Keloid scars not only affect the appearance, but also often itch or sting, making them painful for patients, and their treatment has always been a clinical challenge. The recurrence rate after surgical excision alone is very high, therefore, keloid scars should not be equated with general proliferative scars and just be surgically excised. At present, the Department of Plastic Surgery of Peking University Cancer Hospital adopts a combination of corticosteroid scar injection, surgical excision, radiation therapy, silicone gel application and compression therapy according to the nature of the scar, and has achieved good results. Case: male, 4 years old, sought treatment after a failed external skin grafting operation for a large burn scar on the head, face and neck, and used the skin soft tissue expansion technique to prefabricate a flap, excise the scar in the second stage, and transfer the flap for repair.