Immune thrombocytopenia is a bleeding hematologic disorder that is caused by a decrease in platelet production due to impaired maturation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow or a decrease in peripheral blood platelets due to increased platelet destruction caused by immune factors. The main clinical manifestation of the disease is bleeding, which can manifest as bleeding from the skin mucosa, blood blisters in the mouth, bleeding from the gums, and bleeding from the nose. Some patients may also experience bleeding from the fundus of the eye leading to blurred vision and even blindness. When the platelet count is less than 20×10^9/L, the patient may also experience severe internal bleeding, which may result in vomiting of blood, black stools, fresh blood in the stool, and hematuria, and intracranial bleeding may cause headache, vomiting, convulsions, coma, and even death.