Parkinson’s disease (PD), also known as tremor paralysis, is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system in middle-aged and elderly people. At present, the number of Parkinson’s disease patients in the world has exceeded 4 million, and it has become the third major killer that seriously threatens the physical and mental health of the elderly in recent years, following the “cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases” and “Alzheimer’s disease”. More than 1.7 million Parkinson’s disease patients are now in the population over 55 years old in China. In addition, according to the statistics, the annual cost of drug treatment worldwide has reached 11 billion dollars, and the cost for late-stage patients is 3 to 5 times more expensive than that for patients in the early and middle stages of the disease. Improving the quality of life of Parkinson’s disease patients is the theme of the World Parkinson’s Day, so it is important to let the general public correctly understand Parkinson’s disease, and provide guidance and help for their healthy life. What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s disease starts slowly and progresses gradually. Initial symptoms include tremor, followed by walking disorders, muscle tonus and bradykinesia. Symptoms often start from one side of the upper limb, and gradually expand to the lower limb of the same side, the opposite side of the upper limb and the lower limb, i.e., the development of the “N” shape. 1, bradykinesia is a necessary symptom of Parkinson’s disease. There is often a “mask face” formed by facial muscle dyskinesia, which is characterized by facial expressionlessness, no blinking, and staring with both eyes. Due to the inability of the upper limbs to do fine movements, the patient’s writing is skewed and uneven, and the words are getting smaller and smaller, which is called “writing too small syndrome”. When the oropharyngeal muscle movement is impaired, the patient shows salivation and is unable to swallow. Patients have difficulty in taking care of themselves in daily life. They have difficulty in getting up when they sit down, they cannot turn over when they are lying in bed, and they have difficulty in dressing, washing their faces, brushing their teeth, and so on. 2.Static tremor, commonly known as trembling, is often the most common symptom of this disease. It is manifested as regular finger flexion and thumb-to-palm movement, such as “rubbing pills” movement, with a rhythm of 4-6 times per second. Tremor is mostly seen in the limbs, starting from the upper limbs on one side of the limbs, and with the development of the disease, it gradually extends to the lower limbs on the same side and the upper and lower limbs on the opposite side, and finally develops to the lower jaw, lips, tongue, and head, and even the torso. The tremor is mostly seen at rest. Most of the tremor occurs at rest, reduced or temporarily terminated when the limbs are active, aggravated when the tremor is agitated, and completely stopped when sleeping. 3, muscle ankylosis Due to the increased muscle tension, when the limb passive movement, the muscle tension is always consistent, no matter what angle the limb extends or flexes to, all feel a uniform resistance, called “lead pipe-like ankylosis”. If the patient is accompanied by tremor at the same time of muscle ankylosis, the extension and flexion of the limb will show intermittent pause on the uniform resistance, as if the gears are rotating in slow speed, as “gear-like ankylosis”. The patients themselves feel the stiffness and clumsiness of the limbs. 4.Posture and gait abnormalities Due to the ankylosis of limbs, trunk and neck muscles, most patients often present a special posture, which manifests itself as head tilted forward, trunk bent, elbow flexion, wrist straightening, forearm retraction, hip and knee joints slightly flexed, known as the “flexed posture”, and in severe cases, it manifests itself as a lowered head and bent waist. When walking, the first step is difficult to start, but once started, it is a very small step forward, can not stop or turn on their own, called “panic gait. 5, other symptoms Most patients have constipation, is also an important aspect of the patient’s life, but also show sweating, and often appear in the later stage of mental retardation, dementia, depression and so on. Second, why Parkinson’s disease? The cause of Parkinson’s disease is the degeneration of the substantia nigra striata in the brain and midbrain, which causes a series of symptoms caused by the reduction of a chemical called dopamine in our brain. What causes the degeneration of the substantia nigra in the brain tissue is not well understood. Research suggests that it may be closely related to aging, genetics, the environment (less exposure to pesticides, insecticides, and heavy metals such as manganese), and occupation. The higher incidence rate at older ages suggests that aging is an important cause of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is not the “patent” of the elderly, in Parkinson’s patients, the proportion of young and middle-aged patients more than 10%, may be genetic and environmental factors in the onset of the disease as the main factors. How is Parkinson’s disease diagnosed? The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease mainly relies on the patient’s slow movement, tremor, panic gait to clinical diagnosis, but also rely on the doctor to rule out some other neurological diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, cerebellar atrophy, etc., at present, auxiliary examination mainly have PET and SPECT, the former is more expensive latter need isotope, these are to have the conditions of the hospital can, not every hospital can do. These two tests can not confirm the diagnosis, need to be considered by the doctor. Fourth, Parkinson’s disease how to cure? Often people ask whether Parkinson’s disease can be cured, in fact, Parkinson’s disease can not be cured, but there are a variety of ways to treat, reduce pain, improve the quality of life. Parkinson’s disease itself is not a fatal disease and generally does not affect life expectancy, but if it is not treated in a timely and reasonable manner due to some misconceptions, it will lead to a decline in the patient’s physical functions and even inability to take care of themselves, and finally complications such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections, which will seriously affect the patient’s quality of life and lead to a significantly shorter survival period. At present, there are several treatments as follows: 1, drug therapy At present, drug therapy is the most important treatment for Parkinson’s, and the commonly used drugs are compound levodopa, dopamine agonists (Tessuda, bromocriptine and Senforo), dopamine potentiators (Kodan, Siguinin), anticholinergic drugs (Antan) and amantadine, and so on. Dopa preparations (levodopa, methyldopa, restnin) therapy is the gold standard of Parkinson’s disease treatment and can be applied at any stage of Parkinson’s disease and at any age, but considering the side effects of diminished efficacy, fluctuating symptoms, and anisotropy that can occur with long term application, it can be applied directly at an age of more than 65 years old, and deferred at an age of less than 65 years old. The vast majority of patients take it effectively, but there are some patients who cannot tolerate the side effects and cannot use it. Dopa therapy is currently the mainstay, despite some side effects of long-term application. There are some patients who do not have a significant effect of dopa therapy even in very high doses, and it is important to re-visit the doctor to see if it is a Parkinson’s syndrome, which is different from Parkinson’s disease in terms of etiology. In recent years, the new drug dopamine potentiator Kodan has a better effect on improving the action of dopa preparations to improve the quality of life. In addition, in recent years, the new drug dopamine agonist has a better effect on patients with Parkinson’s disease with tremor and early Parkinson’s disease, and some patients may experience gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting, which can be treated with morphine. Antan is still the main drug for Parkinson’s disease due to its price advantage despite many side effects. 2, surgical treatment For long-term drug therapy is not satisfactory or obvious adverse drug reactions can be considered surgical treatment. At present, surgical treatment mainly includes disfiguring surgery and installing brain pacemaker, but there are certain indications, not any Parkinson’s disease can be done. For Parkinson’s disease patients with obvious symptoms, effective on the Parkinson’s treatment drug dopa preparation, complications of drug treatment, and no serious cardiopulmonary disease are suitable for brain pacemaker treatment; it is found to have the most ideal effect on Parkinson’s disease limb tremor and rigidity, followed by the effect of motor retardation, gait and postural abnormalities, and the effect on swallowing, speech and drooling is poor. It is not suitable for patients with depression, dementia, and insensitivity to the effects of dopa therapy. In addition, the cost of installing a brain pacemaker is expensive and difficult for the average family to afford. At present, many hospitals in China, such as Beijing Tiantan Hospital and Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, have adopted it one after another, and it has reached the advanced level in the world. 3.Stem cell transplantation and gene therapy Stem cell therapy is currently being tried in many hospitals in China, theoretically speaking, it is a very promising method, but its long-term effects and potential side effects have to be further explored, gene therapy is now at the experimental stage. 4, rehabilitation therapy to strengthen the activity is also an important treatment for Parkinson’s disease. 5, in the process of fighting Parkinson’s disease, the application of drugs can improve the symptoms, but a good state of mind, state of mind adjustment can make us confident in overcoming the disease, if necessary, you can take antidepressants. Good nutrition is an important part of maintaining good health, and later family care and love can improve the quality of life. V. Is there any prevention method for Parkinson’s disease? The cause of Parkinson’s disease is not yet known, and there is no fundamental prevention method. Secondary Parkinson’s syndrome can be prevented by (1) strengthening environmental protection and labor protection; preventing toxic exposure, intake and poisoning; strengthening self-protection for toxic workers and regular checkups; (2) strengthening the prevention and treatment of diseases that may cause Parkinson’s syndrome: e.g., charcoal monoxide poisoning, viral encephalitis; preventing craniocerebral injuries, and refraining from indiscriminate use of medication. Sixth, the world parkinson’s disease day from 1997 onwards, every year on April 11 was identified as “world parkinson’s disease day”. It is the birthday of Dr. James Parkinson, the British physician who discovered Parkinson’s disease. The European Parkinson’s Disease Association (EPDA) declared in its program that people with Parkinson’s disease have the following rights: 1) the right to be referred to a doctor with a special interest in the field of Parkinson’s disease; 2) the right to receive an accurate diagnosis; 3) the right to receive easily accessible help or services; 4) the right to long-term care; and 5) the right to participate in the treatment process. The World Health Organization (WHO) has supported the establishment of World Parkinson’s Day and the platform of the European Parkinson’s Federation. In many countries, government departments and all sectors of society have chosen to organize Parkinson’s-themed events on 11 April.