Advances in the treatment of paraplegic spinal cord injuries have focused on regenerative medicine represented by stem cells, but it is still in the basic research stage and has not yet entered the clinic. Spinal cord injury is a kind of central nervous system injury that can lead to paralysis or even paraplegia. Regenerative medicine, represented by stem cells, reduces the formation of scarring at the site of injury and guides nerve growth through nerve regeneration collagen scaffolds. Mesenchymal stem cells can secrete growth factors and regulate the immune response after injury, promoting nerve cell survival and reducing post-traumatic inflammatory response. After stem cell implantation, the local expression levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor decreased significantly, resulting in the conversion of macrophages to M2 type (inflammation-suppressing type), reducing the loss of local neuronal axons and myelin, and alleviating scarring, which provided favorable conditions for neuronal repair. Currently, the relevant research is still in the basic research stage and has not yet entered into the clinic, but it is expected to be a boon for spinal cord injury patients.