Small mediastinal lymph nodes, i.e., enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, but to a lesser extent, usually require treatment and should be treated differently depending on the specific cause. Causes of mediastinal lymph node enlargement include lymphadenitis, lymphatic tuberculosis, nodal disease and lymphatic tumor. 1. Lymphadenitis caused by various infections, manifested as enlargement of lymph nodes, mostly with fever, malaise and other symptoms, requiring anti-infection treatment. 2. Lymphatic tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, requires active early, regular, whole course and combined anti-tuberculosis treatment. 3. Nodular disease, which is a granulomatous disease of unknown cause involving multiple systems, mainly invading the lungs and lymphatic system, requires treatment to control the activity of nodular disease and protect the function of important organs. 4. Lymphatic tumor, primary tumor of lymph nodes or lymph node metastasis from lung cancer or esophageal cancer will cause lymph node enlargement, which need to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. If small mediastinal lymph nodes appear, it is recommended to actively consult the doctor and carry out targeted treatment after clarifying the cause of the disease.