Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer is generally useful, which can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the probability of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Whether adjuvant chemotherapy is needed after esophageal cancer surgery should be determined according to the stage of tumor and whether there is metastasis. If the tumor stage is early and there is no lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis, generally no adjuvant chemotherapy is needed, but regular follow-up is required after surgery. If the stage is late and there are more lymph node metastases, it is generally recommended to perform adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, which can eliminate the remaining small metastatic lesions, reduce the chance of tumor recurrence and metastasis, and improve the patient’s efficacy and prolong the survival period, thus increasing the cure rate. Therefore, patients should choose the most suitable treatment plan according to their own specific conditions under the guidance of doctors. Meanwhile, patients are advised to keep a positive mindset, have regular outpatient follow-ups and closely cooperate with doctors for treatment.