Urine phase contrast and urine sediment are different in the use of instruments, examination items, clinical significance and other aspects. 1. The use of equipment: urine sediment microscopy is centrifuged in the urine using a microscope to observe the formed components of the urine. Urine phase contrast microscopy is to use phase contrast microscopy to observe the morphology of red blood cells in urine. 2. Inspection items: urine sediment examination items are more, can check the urine red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, tubular, crystallization, bacteria and other formed components; and urine phase contrast microscopy is mainly used to check the size of the red blood cells, morphology, counting the percentage of malformed red blood cells, and so on. 3. Clinical significance: urine sediment microscopy can determine whether there is microscopic hematuria, pyuria, tubular, etc., such as erythrocytes > 3/HP for microscopic hematuria, leukocytes > 5/HP for microscopic pyuria, which can help to diagnose urinary tract infections, stones and so on. Urine phase contrast microscopy is mostly used to observe the morphology of erythrocytes to distinguish renal tubular hematuria and tubular hematuria, and to identify the source of hematuria and the site of lesions. It is recommended that patients with urinary symptoms should seek timely medical attention and follow the doctor’s instructions for examination and treatment.