1.What is sexually transmitted disease (STD)? Sexually transmitted disease (STD), generally referred to as STD, refers to a group of infectious diseases transmitted mainly through sexual contact, similar sexual behavior and indirect contact. STD can not only occur in the genitourinary organs, but also invade the lymph nodes belonging to the genitourinary organs through the lymphatic system, and even invade the important tissues and organs of the whole body through hematogenous spread. 2.What are the classical STDs? In the past, classical STDs included gonorrhea, syphilis, soft chancre, lymphogranuloma venereum and inguinal granuloma. Now the scope of sexually transmitted diseases has been extended to at least 50 diseases caused by infection with disease-causing microorganisms. 3.What are the common sexually transmitted diseases? The common sexually transmitted diseases that we are required to monitor are gonorrhea, syphilis, condyloma acuminata, genital chlamydia, genital herpes, soft chancre, AIDS, etc. Other diseases not listed for testing are lymphogranuloma venereum, inguinal granuloma, genital candidiasis, vaginal trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginitis, pubic lice, scabies, ringworm, and infectious molluscum contagiosum. 4. Is hepatitis B also an STD? We all know that hepatitis B is a contagious disease. But many people do not know that hepatitis B is also one of the sexually transmitted diseases. Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease that can be transmitted directly through sexual contact between people. Research and studies have shown that the hepatitis B virus can be transmitted through sexual contact between humans of the same or opposite sex, and that promiscuous and anal sex are more likely to transmit hepatitis B. Therefore, the number of hepatitis B patients among sex workers and STD patients is higher than other populations. Therefore, you should regulate your personal behavior, clean yourself and adhere to the principles of sexual civilization, in addition, the hepatitis B vaccination, is also an effective way to prevent hepatitis B. 5.Current prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in China? Surveillance data show that the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in China has been increasing year by year, and the composition of the ratio has also changed, with gonorrhea, condyloma acuminata and syphilis decreasing slightly, chlamydia of the genital tract (cervicitis) and genital herpes showing a small increase, while AIDS has increased significantly and has entered a period of rapid growth. By the end of September 2008, there were more than 260,000 cases of HIV infection reported nationwide, including more than 77,000 cases of AIDS patients and more than 34,000 deaths. 6.What are the ways of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases? (1) Sexual contact transmission: Homosexual or heterosexual intercourse is the main mode of transmission, accounting for more than 95%. Other similar sexual acts (oral sex, anal sex, masturbation, kissing, touching, etc.) can increase the chance of infection. (2) Indirect contact transmission: through contact with contaminated clothing, common goods or shared sanitary ware, etc. transmission. (3) Blood and blood products transmission: importation of blood or blood products contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, and sharing of syringes or needles among intravenous addicts. (4) Vertical transmission from mother to child: Infection of the fetus by the mother through the placenta, infection during delivery through the birth canal or infection of the infant through breastfeeding. (5) Medical transmission: contaminated medical equipment into the physical examination, injection, surgery and other ways to infect others; medical personnel in the process of medical operations due to poor protection and their own infection. (6) Organ transplantation, artificial insemination, etc. transmission. (7) Other ways: such as vector insects, air, water and food, etc. 7.What are the hazards of sexually transmitted diseases? Sexually transmitted diseases have a greater impact on health, society and family, and if not cured in time, they become chronic. Sexually transmitted diseases can not only occur in the genitourinary organs, but also through the lymphatic system to invade the lymph nodes belonging to the genitourinary organs, and even through the blood dissemination to invade the important tissues and organs of the body. In addition, the disease can seriously endanger the physical and mental health of patients, and can lead to infertility, genital deformities or defects, disfigurement and characteristic sequelae. In particular, AIDS is a rapidly infectious and dangerous disease with no specific treatment and a high mortality rate, and is known as a “super cancer”. Its epidemic will bring heavy disaster to human beings. 8.How to prevent and treat sexually transmitted diseases? The prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases is both a medical and social problem, the popularization of medical knowledge, the improvement of people’s awareness of disease prevention and effective prevention and control measures and other comprehensive management has a very important role. In 1991, the Ministry of Health issued the “Management Measures for Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases”, in 1998 the State Council approved and issued the “Medium and Long-term Plan for Prevention and Control of AIDS in China (1998-2010)”, and in 2000 the Ministry of Health formulated and issued the “Diagnostic Standards and Treatment Principles for Sexually Transmitted Diseases”, which gradually put the prevention and treatment of STD in China into a standardized management track. In 2000, the Ministry of Health formulated and issued the “Diagnostic Standards and Treatment Principles for Sexually Transmitted Diseases”, which gradually brought the prevention and treatment of STD into the standardized management track, and made legal provisions for the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and management of various STD and provided legal guarantee for its implementation. 2, pay attention to publicity and education to be regular and persistent, for different groups of people to take a multiform, targeted content of the publicity activities. Make people aware of the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases, understand its general knowledge, regulate their behavior, and reduce the chances of infection and transmission. 3. Standardize epidemic reporting Establish a sound STD and AIDS testing system and standardize and guide laboratory tests in medical institutions at all levels. Get accurate and timely information on STD prevalence. 4.Strengthen behavioral interventions Regulate the STD medical market and provide formal treatment for infected people. Deepen people’s awareness and acceptance of condoms, educate and counsel high-risk groups, and promote safe sex.