Today’s topic is how to understand and recognize STD, through the communication with patients, or the process of diagnosis and treatment, people’s knowledge and understanding of STD may be one-sided, sometimes understanding is not so accurate, so some people will appear to panic about STD, there will be some deviation from STD, this disease may be some discrimination, with such a disease, it will cause psychological or other aspects of the situation. Today, I will briefly talk about some issues of sex. Before I talk about STD, I can tell you a few issues, and you can think about or understand them. First, are STDs transmitted through sexual contact? Another question, how should we treat people with STDs, for example, if someone close to us has an STD, how should we treat them, should we tolerate them, or condone them? Or should we discriminate? If the communication is better, the patient can be treated in time, so that the spread of STDs can be reduced. The same is true of the saying that treating others well is the same as treating yourself well. Another question is what kind of problems will be caused by discrimination against STD patients. Some time ago, it was said on the Internet that AIDS patients had no source of medical care, and the problem was caused by the change of laboratory test results. In one question, is STD incurable? Another question, what should we do if a family member has an STD? Lastly, we should consider what we can do to stay away from STDs. The following briefly talk about the knowledge related to sexually transmitted diseases, we usually say sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted diseases is a group of sexual contact behavior, or similar sexual transmission caused by the genitalia or a group of diseases, such diseases can seriously endanger the physical and mental health of the human body, sexually transmitted diseases, which include what we often call sexually transmitted diseases, and then is the sexually transmitted infections such diseases. The first of these is the “new”, “new”, “new”, “new”, “new”, “new”, “new” and “new”. The first of these is a classical STD. There are four types of STDs: syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre and sarcoidosis, but now soft chancre and sarcoidosis are no longer common in clinical practice. The first is that the patient’s body is not a part of the body. There is also the hepatitis B virus, which can be transmitted through sexual contact. There are also hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV, all of which can be transmitted through sexual contact. Then there is trichomonas vaginalis, and then there is fungal disease, which can also be transmitted through sexual contact. Then there are diseases caused by parasites, such as scabies. Then there is pubic lice, which can also be transmitted through sexual contact. So in addition to the eight STDs we often talk about, other pathogenic microorganisms can also be transmitted through sexual contact, so all of these diseases can be categorized as sexually transmitted diseases. In China, in 1949, there were about 10 million STD patients, and the prevalence rate of STD in Shanghai reached 10%. In 1964, China basically eliminated STD, but in 1977, there were new cases, and the current trend has increased. Syphilis is also on the rise in the past few years. Then there are new cases of AIDS every year. Globally, the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases is higher in developing countries, and the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases is higher in our more urbanized areas, large and medium-sized cities, and coastal development cities in the southeast, because the population movement is relatively large, the incidence is more. Then there are some remote areas where ethnic minorities are located, like syphilis, STDs have been affecting the quality of the population. STD population distribution characteristics, such as age, most of China is concentrated in the 20 to 39 years of age so a stage, STD, most of the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases men than women, the ratio of men to women is generally in 2:1, in recent years the ratio of the two gradually reduced. Sexually transmitted diseases are also a kind of infectious diseases, infectious diseases first have the source of infection, what is the source of infection of sexually transmitted diseases? One is a sex worker, then a sexually promiscuous person, and part of the population is drug addicted, and then part of the homosexual and bisexual population, often at risk of sexually transmitted diseases, we can also come into contact with in the clinic, for example, bisexual, infected with condyloma acuminata, syphilis, herpes, a person may be infected with more than three sexually transmitted diseases. Another group of people is the sexual partners of STD patients, and the sexual partners and spouses of STD patients are also the main high-risk groups for STD. Then there is the blood-borne transmission, such as syphilis patients, HIV patients, their blood as a blood source, the pathogens can be transmitted directly to the recipient. Then there are blood products, which can also transmit pathogens to patients who use blood products. The way of transmission, the way of transmission of STDs, why it is classified as a sexually transmitted disease, that is, the main mode of transmission or through sexual contact, in the clinical and some statistics, to do it roughly, about 95% is transmitted through sexual contact, through the way of sexual contact to contract this STD. Some statistics say that the average probability of infection is 30% for one contact, 60% for two, and 90% for three. Another type of non-sexual direct contact transmission, that is, when there is a break in the skin, through direct contact with the patient’s lesions, or secretions with pathogens, blood, semen, uterine secretions are infected, for example, genital herpes vesicles, through this direct contact, may be infected. Through intravenous transfusion of infected blood, blood components, blood products is the main way to transmit syphilis, AIDS, hepatitis B virus, other mutations, such as organ transplants, artificial insemination can also be transmitted through this route to the pathogens of STDs. Another is the mother-to-child transmission, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia, these pathogens can be transmitted through the placenta, the birth canal. HIV, for example, can be transmitted to the baby by way of breast milk. Then there is medical transmission, such as medical operations, if the protection is not strict, and then the sharing of equipment, can be transmitted through these channels, and then there is the transmission of daily life, this proportion is relatively small, but there are also such cases, may be transmitted to STDs. The patient’s clothes may be contaminated by some secretions and blood from the genital lesion, and some sexually transmitted diseases may be transmitted through indirect contact with the patient’s clothes, bedding, towels, bath tubs, and toilets. There is also the problem of condyloma acuminata, after treatment, if cured, if through contact again, it is possible to re-infection, even if the body has this antibody may be re-infected, so sexually transmitted diseases can be repeatedly infected. The social factors among the STDs, the laws that protect the prostitution system in some countries, may make the rate of STD transmission higher, and then the war, may also make the incidence of STDs higher, and then the population movement. Then there is the case of prostitution, drug addiction, drug trafficking, which can also increase the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, and obscene literary works can also increase the incidence. Then there is the change in sexual attitudes, sexual behavior and moral standards, such as homosexual behavior, these situations can increase the risk of STDs. I have just said so much, if there are some symptoms, the majority of users if they are aware of, is it possible to identify through some simple common sense is not infected with STDs? The following are a few simple points to tell you, if you find this situation must be promptly to seek medical attention. One is the appearance of abnormal discharge from the vagina of women, the penis and testicles of men, such as some purulent discharge, some itching, some bloody discharge, this situation we must go to some relevant departments of the hospital to do a detailed examination. Another common feature is a burning sensation in the urine, and then a stinging sensation, which should also be seen by the relevant department. These symptoms, such as blisters, lumps, red spots, ulcers, must go to the STD clinic to see if there is a problem with STDs, of course, like these symptoms are not necessarily STDs, but the possibility of STDs is relatively high. The other is the local hidden pain during sexual activity, which is also a symptom related to sex, should be timely medical attention. The palms of the hands and feet appear some non-painful copper-red rash, this is a typical symptom, this symptom is generally easier to find in the second stage of syphilis, so if there is this situation, must go to the hospital, we in the clinic by asking the patient’s medical history, some patients may not pay enough attention to these symptoms, the disease will drag on for a long time, after the second stage of syphilis, a little two years The disease may be delayed for a little bit, two years, or even three or four years after the second stage of syphilis before seeking medical attention. The itchy skin of the genital area, like the common pubic lice, pubic lice are usually in the pubic hair area will appear eggs or some parasites of pubic lice, there are such cases, we must also go to the STD clinic to see if there is such a case of pubic lice. The following talk about what harm STDs do to patients themselves, STDs can reduce their immunity, such as syphilis, genital herpes, AIDS and so on, it will reduce their immunity, some will appear permanent sterility. The mother-to-child transmission can cause eye infections in infants, like gonorrhea, which can cause eye infections, and some can lead to destruction of the immune system and even failure. There are many patients who are afraid of AIDS or have a fear of STDs in outpatient clinics. AIDS is a type of STD, because it can be transmitted through sexual contact, and STDs that cause ulcers, such as syphilis (hard chancre) and genital herpes, can increase the likelihood of transmitting AIDS. The probability of transmitting HIV is greatly increased. Most STDs can be cured if treated in time, but there is no complete cure for AIDS, genital herpes, etc. There are some details that we can use to analyze whether or not we have an STD. There are several points, such as vaginal discharge in adolescent women. It is also a point that some STDs will have symptoms and some will not be obvious. The reason why men are more likely to have symptoms than women is because men are more observant, so some of the symptoms are easy to feel, while women are less likely to notice STDs, so STDs are relatively more dangerous for women. Another point is that it is impossible to tell from a person’s appearance whether they are infected with an STD, and this must be taken seriously. Why is it that women are at greater risk than men? The following are some of the reasons why women are at greater risk than men: because of the differences in the reproductive system, the vagina of women is relatively easy to damage, and there may be some pathogenic microorganisms in the semen. It is also more difficult to diagnose female patients, such as women with STDs, the symptoms are not obvious, so it is not easy to go to the doctor in time. The difference in social status makes it difficult for them to have sex with each other and gain knowledge about this. The following is a brief description of the precautions after the infection of sexually transmitted diseases: First, it is necessary to go to the correct doctor, must go to the regular hospital examination, treatment, to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The second to early detection, early treatment, that is, the earlier the treatment, the better its prognosis is, in order to prevent patients from finding themselves with STDs, refused to seek medical treatment, this practice is not worth advocating, but also a hundred harmless behavior, if there are problems, or indeed high-risk behavior, found some symptoms, must be timely to the hospital. The third is to follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment, not to use their own medicine, but to be counterproductive. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things. The fourth, should be carried out at the same time consultation and treatment. Fifth, sexual intercourse should be avoided during the treatment period. Sixth point, if there is a reaction during the treatment, you should go to the regular hospital for examination and make the appropriate treatment in time. Seventh, it should be reviewed regularly, and any problems should be dealt with in time. Eighth, attention should be paid to disinfection and isolation, underwear and underwear should be diligently ironed and washed, and underwear and underwear should not be washed together with family members. The bath tub should be separated, especially for patients with children at home, it is best to sleep in separate beds with children. The ninth point is that condyloma acuminata has a certain recurrence rate, but after regular treatment can be cured. The tenth, must maintain a good mood, nutrition issues to pay attention to. Eleventh, if infected with an STD, must be infected with any other diseases, a person may be infected with two, three or four to say, if found after the infection of STDs, other STDs we must also do a screening, do not delay treatment. Twelfth, the correct use of condoms can prevent the occurrence of some diseases. Thirteenth, do not share syringes and needles with others. Fourteenth, organ donation, blood donation, semen, breast milk, through these channels can also spread sexually transmitted diseases. Fifteenth, if you are infected with a sexually transmitted disease during pregnancy, you should promptly go to the relevant hospital department for consultation in this regard. Sixteenth, if a mother is infected with HIV, avoid breastfeeding. That’s all we have to share with you today, thank you very much for listening.