Inguinal hernia is a relatively common form of extra-abdominal hernia, mostly in children. Depending on the age, it can be divided into pediatric hernia (0-18 years) and adult hernia (18 years or older). Childhood hernia can be divided into pediatric hernia (0-6 years) and juvenile hernia (7-18 years). Most inguinal hernias in children are congenital. The prevalence of inguinal hernia is the highest among all birth defects. Globally, the prevalence of inguinal hernia in children ranges from 0.8% to 4.4% in different age groups and up to 30% in preterm infants. In early embryonic development, the peritoneum protrudes outward at the internal inguinal ring to form the peritoneal sheath. Under normal circumstances, the sphincter wraps most of the testis and descends with it under the traction of the testis, eventually reaching the bottom of the scrotum. After birth, the sphincter gradually atrophies and becomes occluded. If this process is impaired, the sphincter will remain open, and once an abdominal organ enters, an inguinal hernia is formed. The disease can develop at any age, especially in infancy and early childhood. In boys, the right testicle descends later, so the right side is more often than the left, and rarely it is bilateral. The inguinal hernia can also occur in girls with unclosed sphincter, but significantly less than in boys, with a gender ratio of approximately 15:1. The most common hernia contents are the small intestine and ileocecal region, many of which are the greater omentum in older children, while in girls the genital appendage is herniated most often. The occurrence of inguinal hernia in children is the result of a combination of congenital factors (genetic factors) and acquired factors (environmental factors). The typical symptom of inguinal hernia is a reversible mass in the inguinal region, i.e. a mass protruding from the root of the thigh, which can be large or small, protruding when the body is in a standing position, and can be pressed back when lying down or pressed by hand by oneself. In many children, the inguinal hernia enters the scrotum, resulting in a large or small scrotum or bilateral enlargement. Parents should consider inguinal hernia when their child has these symptoms. 3. Diagnosis and identification Specialists will check the body to identify other diseases, such as spermatic syringomyelia, testicular syringomyelia and cryptorchidism. Ultrasound examination should be done if necessary.