I. Conservative treatment From simple bed rest to complex traction, conservative treatment methods remain varied. Except for patients with cauda equina syndrome, conservative treatment remains the treatment of choice for patients without progressive exacerbation of neurological symptoms. Even for patients who decide to have surgery, it is advisable to give 6-12 weeks of conservative treatment to give another chance for neurological improvement. If conservative treatment is not effective, surgical treatment needs to be considered. The traditional classical surgical procedures include the open window method, hemivertebral laminectomy and total laminectomy. The open approach is suitable for symptomatic, single-gap disc herniation on one side; hemi-laminectomy is suitable for symptomatic, adjacent double-gap disc herniation on one side. Except for huge central type intradural disc herniation, total laminectomy should be avoided as much as possible. 2, minimally invasive surgery: At present, many units at home and abroad carry out a variety of minimally invasive surgery, such as myelolysis, radiofrequency discectomy, percutaneous lumbar discectomy, automatic percutaneous lumbar disc removal, percutaneous laser disc decompression and posterolateral percutaneous endoscopic laser discectomy, arthroscopic microdiscectomy, discoscopic discectomy, etc., and intradiscal electrotherapy. Each of the above methods has its own characteristics, and the specific surgical operation varies depending on the instrument manufacturer. 3, intervertebral fusion: intervertebral fusion is only a remedial method for a small number of patients with severe disc degeneration, combined lumbar instability or recurrence despite repeated lumbar discectomy. 4, replacement surgery: (1) artificial nucleus pulposus (PDN); (2) artificial disc replacement; 5, cell and gene therapy: cell and gene level treatment may become a new direction for the treatment of crestal diseases in the 21st century. Some scholars have tried to culture myeloid cells, and others are searching for genes that determine lumbar degeneration.