What is commonly referred to clinically as a gallbladder polyp is actually a polypoid lesion of the gallbladder (PLG), also known as an augmented lesion, which is the collective term used by diagnostic imaging for an augmented lesion found protruding into the lumen of the gallbladder. It is a common gallbladder lesion and in most cases is a benign occupying lesion within the gallbladder lumen. Because PLG lacks obvious symptoms or signs, it is often overlooked and easily delayed by patients, and now it is considered as one of the predisposing factors of gallbladder cancer. I. Why do gallbladder polyps grow? 1.Age: Some studies found that the highest prevalence of gallbladder polyps is in middle-aged men aged 40 to 50, while the high incidence of PLG in women is around 50 years old. The reason may be that, with age, there are often different degrees of neuromodulation and metabolic disorders, which affect the normal emptying function of the gallbladder, resulting in poor bile excretion and increased concentration of bile salts, stimulating the gallbladder wall and causing lesions. 2, gender: current research shows that in all age groups men have a higher prevalence rate compared to women, the ratio of men to women is 1.5:1.0 ~ 5.5:1.0, probably because the female body estrogen on blood lipids and liver lipid metabolism has a promotional and protective effect. 3, hepatitis B virus infection: China is a large country of hepatitis B infection, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rate of about 10% of the total population. HBsAg infection may lead to acute or chronic hepatitis. It may be because during the period of acute hepatitis, thickening of the gallbladder wall, volume changes and abnormal bile composition can occur, which makes the normal diastolic function of the gallbladder be destroyed. 4, gallbladder stones and cholecystitis: although gallbladder polyps are an independent disease, closely related to the occurrence of gallbladder stones and often seen in patients with gallbladder polyps, but gallbladder polyps are often combined with gallbladder stones, the analysis of the reasons may be related to the disruption of bile synthesis and secretion caused by cholecystitis. 5, smoking: smoking can activate the nerve terminal nicotine receptors in the body, through the nicotine receptors lead to delayed emptying of the gallbladder, making bile retention and stimulate mucosal epithelial hyperplasia and muscle layer thickening, which can promote the growth of gallbladder polyps. 6, irregular diet and rest: fasting, picky eating to vitamin C deficiency and other bad habits lead to gallbladder bile can not be emptied in a timely and effective, repeatedly concentrated easy to form gallbladder polyps. The blood vessels of the gallbladder wall can be stimulated by emotions and irritating foods, which can cause congestion of the gallbladder wall and further cause inflammation of the blood vessels of the wall, resulting in capillary congestion and edema and obstruction, thus promoting the growth of gallbladder polyps. In addition, epidemiological studies have found that eating more fresh vegetables and fruits can prevent gallbladder polyps from becoming malignant, especially garlic and onions. This may be related to the anti-cancer effects of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in folic acid, fiber, ascorbic acid and antioxidants such as carotenoids. 7, hyperlipidemia: It was found that high-fat diet, body mass index greater than 24.0kg/m2 and frequent meat eating group have abnormal cholesterol metabolism in the body, making the cholesterol in bile actively or passively transported to the epithelial cells of the gallbladder mucosa enhanced, and deposited in the lamina propria of the gallbladder mucosa, further invading the mucosal space, phagocytosed by macrophages to form foam cells and a large number of aggregates in the interstitial layer and polyps. In turn, it promotes the growth of gallbladder steroid-like polyps. Can gallbladder polyps become cancerous? Generally speaking, gallbladder polyps are divided into benign and malignant lesions, which means that gallbladder polyps are cancerous, but not all gallbladder polyps are cancerous. Non-neoplastic polyps: cholesterol polyps, adenomyosis and inflammatory polyps, generally speaking, cholesterol polyps and inflammatory polyps are considered as benign lesions with no malignant potential. In contrast, adenomyosis of the gallbladder is considered precancerous, and the literature reports that its cancer rate is 3% to 10%; tumor polyp: adenoma, hemangioma, fibroma, smooth muscle tumor, and lipoma, etc. Neoplastic polyps are considered to be an important risk factor for gallbladder cancer, and the most common of gallbladder neoplastic polyps are adenomas derived from the gallbladder epithelium. Studies have concluded that the size of a gallbladder adenoma is directly related to its malignant potential. Studies over the years have consistently concluded that gallbladder polyps >10 mm are significantly more likely to be malignant, and surgical excision and intraoperative cryopathological examination are recommended. In addition to polyp size, several studies have found that other factors are also strongly associated with the malignant potential of gallbladder polyps, such as age >50 years, combined gallbladder stones, wide base, and rapidly increasing lesions. Surgical intervention is recommended in patients with gallbladder stones combined with gallbladder polyps, regardless of the size of the gallbladder polyp and the presence of clinical symptoms. The likelihood of malignant gallbladder polyps increases with age. The incidence of carcinoma is higher in polyps without a tip. Surgical intervention is recommended for patients with sclerosing cholangitis who have a high likelihood of malignancy when combined with gallbladder polyps.