The initial diagnosis of cancer is often the result of screening tests, which are generally more accurate, but false negatives and false positives exist in any test, so further confirmatory tests are needed to make a diagnosis. In the case of esophageal cancer, for example, a barium meal test may be performed during the initial screening to make a preliminary diagnosis by observing the presence of filling defects and niches in the esophagus. If the patient just has esophageal ulcers or esophageal polyps, the image that appears at this time is similar to that of esophageal cancer, and a false-positive result may be obtained for the time being; it is also possible that the patient is an early-stage esophageal cancer and a false-negative result is obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to further confirm the diagnosis by fiberoptic esophagoscopy or gastroscopy. A small piece of esophageal tissue can be taken under the microscope and a histocytological biopsy can be performed to confirm whether the esophagus is cancerous or not. If the initial screening test shows positive results, please cooperate with your doctor to improve the follow-up examination to confirm the diagnosis.