The first step is to understand that osteoarthritis is a degenerative lesion of articular cartilage caused by abnormal proteoglycan biosynthesis. The active ingredient in your chosen glucosamine sulfate capsule, glucosamine sulfate, is a normal constituent of the cartilage matrix polypolysaccharide chain and the joint fluid polypolysaccharide, which stimulates the synthesis of physiological polypolysaccharides and proteoglycans by chondrocytes and the synthesis of hyaluronic acid by synovial cells. In addition, it inhibits the activity of enzymes that damage cartilage – such as collagenase and phospholipase A2 – and thus presents a mild anti-inflammatory effect. Oral glucosamine is best taken with meals, 1 to 2 capsules once, 3 times a day, for 6 to 12 weeks or longer as needed, and the treatment is repeated 2 to 3 times a year. Adverse reactions include rare mild gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, constipation, abdominal distention and diarrhea. Allergic reactions, including rash, pruritus and skin erythema, have been reported in some patients. Patients with severe hepatic or renal insufficiency should be medicated under medical supervision. For mild osteoarthritis you can usually exercise properly, such as cycling and swimming. Increase the mobility of the joints, avoid climbing mountains and stairs, and generally do not require treatment. For severe osteoarthritis of the knee joint, surface replacement of the knee joint is the main focus. The worn and necrotic bone on the surface of the knee joint is removed and replaced with an artificial knee prosthesis with the same function, and the hyperplastic bone spurs and free bodies in the joint are also removed to restore the movement of the joint. After knee replacement, you can walk, ride a bike, go up and down stairs, etc. to meet normal physiological activities. Don’t hesitate if you reach the point where replacement is necessary. With the maturity of the surgical technique and the good results of rehabilitation, many patients who undergo replacement will regret doing it too late. From the point of view of rehabilitation, the earlier it is done, the easier the rehabilitation will be, and the later results will be better.