CNS demyelination is an autoimmune disease with a variety of clinical manifestations, including multiple sclerosis, optic neuromyelitis optica, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Its main manifestation is the destruction of nerve fiber myelin sheaths, with lesions mainly in the white matter of the central nervous system and infiltration of inflammatory cells around small veins. Patients with demyelinating changes tend to develop around the age of 20-40 years, while patients over the age of 50 years are rare and those under the age of 10 years are also rare. The onset of the disease varies in severity, with mild cases of agitation, memory loss or visual impairment, and severe cases of urinary abnormalities, impaired limb movement or paralysis, and even impotence.